‘To win the confidence of these curiously twisted and disoriented people’: the Ford Foundation’s Free Russia Fund, George F. Kennan and refugees from the Soviet Union
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Abstract
ABSTRACT This article examines the origins of the Free Russia Fund/East European Fund, a philanthropic project carried out through the Ford Foundation that aimed to offer support for displaced persons arriving in the United States in the early 1950s. It demonstrates that George F. Kennan and other organisers of the project started the endeavour with bold Cold War ambitions, but soon lost hope in the political potential of refugees and exiles. The episode casts light on the confusion surrounding ‘liberationism’, the commitment of some US policymakers and commentators to the liberation of Russia and Soviet satellite countries from communist rule.
本文考察了自由俄罗斯基金/东欧基金的起源，这是一个由福特基金会开展的慈善项目，旨在为20世纪50年代初抵达美国的流离失所者提供支持。它表明，乔治•凯南(George F. Kennan)和该项目的其他组织者一开始抱有大胆的冷战野心，但很快就对难民和流亡者的政治潜力失去了希望。这一事件揭示了围绕“解放主义”的困惑，即一些美国政策制定者和评论员承诺将俄罗斯和苏联卫星国从共产主义统治下解放出来。
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