{"title":"Battles in space: De-facto standardization of Global Navigation Satellite Systems","authors":"M.P. Breeman , F. Grillo , G. van de Kaa","doi":"10.1016/j.jengtecman.2022.101693","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>As the European Union announced the final rollout of the second-generation satellite for their Galileo Global Navigation Satellite System by 2021, stakeholders from comparable systems contemplate the potentially disrupting effects such rollout could cause. This paper explores the battle for standards that facilitate Global Navigation Satellite Systems, with the focus on GPS, GLONASS, and Galileo. The paper shows that although GPS is still in the lead, Galileo is closing in. It appears that GLONASS is trailing behind. Four factors for standard dominance were most important: brand reputation and credibility, operational supremacy, technological superiority, and compatibility.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50209,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering and Technology Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7000,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0923474822000236/pdfft?md5=b422923d173deebe36b520422982805a&pid=1-s2.0-S0923474822000236-main.pdf","citationCount":"2","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Engineering and Technology Management","FirstCategoryId":"91","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0923474822000236","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"BUSINESS","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Abstract
As the European Union announced the final rollout of the second-generation satellite for their Galileo Global Navigation Satellite System by 2021, stakeholders from comparable systems contemplate the potentially disrupting effects such rollout could cause. This paper explores the battle for standards that facilitate Global Navigation Satellite Systems, with the focus on GPS, GLONASS, and Galileo. The paper shows that although GPS is still in the lead, Galileo is closing in. It appears that GLONASS is trailing behind. Four factors for standard dominance were most important: brand reputation and credibility, operational supremacy, technological superiority, and compatibility.
随着欧盟宣布到2021年为其伽利略全球导航卫星系统(Galileo Global Navigation satellite System)最终推出第二代卫星，来自类似系统的利益相关者正在考虑这种推出可能造成的潜在破坏性影响。本文探讨了促进全球导航卫星系统的标准之争，重点是GPS、GLONASS和伽利略。这篇论文表明，尽管GPS仍处于领先地位，但伽利略正在迎头赶上。看来格洛纳斯系统落后了。标准优势的四个因素是最重要的:品牌声誉和信誉、运营优势、技术优势和兼容性。
期刊介绍：
The Journal of Engineering and Technology Management (JET-M) is an international scholarly refereed research journal which aims to promote the theory and practice of technology, innovation, and engineering management.
The journal links engineering, science, and management disciplines. It addresses the issues involved in the planning, development, and implementation of technological capabilities to shape and accomplish the strategic and operational objectives of an organization. It covers not only R&D management, but also the entire spectrum of managerial concerns in technology-based organizations. This includes issues relating to new product development, human resource management, innovation process management, project management, technological fusion, marketing, technological forecasting and strategic planning.
The journal provides an interface between technology and other corporate functions, such as R&D, marketing, manufacturing and administration. Its ultimate goal is to make a profound contribution to theory development, research and practice by serving as a leading forum for the publication of scholarly research on all aspects of technology, innovation, and engineering management.
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