Characterization and Susceptibility Pattern of Candida Species from Various Clinical Samples in a Rural Tertiary Care Hospital

Abstract

Fungi infections are becoming more prevalent and burdensome on a global scale leading to an important concern for immunocompromised patients. Hospitals often become infected with serious, invasive Candida infections. Higher frequency of Non-albicans Candida (NAC) species are found in the hospital setting, and some of these fungi can become opportunistic. Pathogens after a change in the host environment trigger them to move from a commensal to a pathogenic phase. Various clinical symptoms of Candida species, which are common human commensals, range from mucocutaneous overgrowth to bloodstream infections. In many hospitals, phenotypic methods are still considered the gold standard method for identification. Among the 112 isolates, Candida albicans (n=47; 52.64%) was noted as a significant etiology isolated from clinical samples. Further, C. albicans accounted the principal etiology in urine (n=28; 31.36%), and vaginal swab (n=13; 14.56%), followed by C. tropicalis (urine: n=15; 16.8% and vaginal swab: n=5; 5.6%). In blood C. pelliculosa (n=14; 15.68%) was found to be predominant followed by C. tropicalis (n=11; 12.32%). Antifungal susceptibility pattern was performed for (n=51) samples by VITEK AST and 100% susceptibility (voriconazole, and micafungin) was recorded in C. tropicalis and C. albicans. Whereas, fluconazole resistance was observed in C. tropicalis (n=3; 15%), and C. pelliculosa (n=1; 11.11%) and amphotericin B resistance in C. tropicalis (n=1; 5%) and C. albicans (n=1; 9.1%).