Polynomials and Homotopy of Virtual Knot Diagrams

Abstract

. If a virtual knot diagram can be transformed to another virtual one by a finite sequence of crossing changes, Reidemeister moves and virtual moves then the two virtual knot diagrams are said to be homotopic . There are infinitely many homotopy classes of virtual knot diagrams. We give necessary conditions by using polynomial invariants of virtual knots for two virtual knots to be homotopic. For a sequence S of crossing changes, Reidemeister moves and virtual moves between two homotopic virtual knot diagrams, we give a lower bound for the number of crossing changes in S by using the affine index polynomial introduced in [13]. In [10], the first author gave the q -polynomial of a virtual knot diagram to find Reidemeister moves of virtually isotopic virtual knot diagrams. We find how to apply Reidemeister moves by using the q -polynomial to show homotopy of two virtual knot diagrams. 57M25, 57M27.