Mechanical thrombeсtomy and trombaspiration in stroke. Problem claims

Abstract

Objective — to evaluate the effectiveness of endovascular mechanical recanalization methods in ischemic stroke and the analysis of problem cases.Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of the results of treatment of 33 patients with acute ischemic stroke due to occlusion of a large vessel was performed. There were 18 (54.5 %) men and 15 (45.5 %) women. Endovascular interventions were performed in all patients to restore cerebral arteries patency using various methods and techniques of mechanical thrombectomy. All patients underwent neuroimaging (CT of the brain and selective cerebral subtraction angiography). A topographical assessment of early CT-changes in ischemic stroke was performed using the ASPECTS scale. The severity of neurological symptoms in the acute period of ischemic stroke was assessed according to the NIHSS score. The severity of the condition – on the NIHSS score. The mTICI scale was used to assess the success of recanalization (reperfusion) after mechanical thrombectomy.Results. Successful recanalization (mTICI 2b-3) with the use of stent retrievers and distal aspiration catheters was achieved in 22 (66.7 %) cases. The total number of intraoperative complications was 12.0 %. Mortality rate – 12.0 %.Conclusions. Endovascular reperfusion methods using stent retrievers and distal aspiration catheters for acute ischemic stroke are effective. Endovascular reperfusion advisable to start with a mechanical thrombus aspiration. When performing endovascular recanalization, the use of stent retrievers in combination with guide balloon catheters only without distal aspiration catheters increases the risk of distal reembolism and embolism of other arterial basins.