Study of Interactions of Nucleoside Anticancer Drugs, Capecitabine and Gemcitabine, with SWNT and BNNT using Molecular and Quantum Mechanical Calculations

Abstract

Using single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs), this study evaluated the interactions between Capecitabine (CAP) and Gemcitabine (GEM). Molecular mechanics and quantum mechanics were used in the analysis. The interaction between CP and GM with SWCNTs and BNNTs under various solvents was analyzed using the self-consistent reaction field (SCRF) as a model and DFT as the analytical method. Additionally, the effect of temperature on the stability of the molecule interactions during the experiment was examined. The thermodynamic properties of the title compounds were analyzed based on theoretical calculations. It included the calculation of Frontier Molecular Orbitals (FMOs) and Total Density of States (DOS). In addition to studying the ionization potential (I), we also examined the other molecular properties of the structures, such as electrophilicity (ω), electron affinity (A), chemical hardness (η), and electronic chemical potential (μ). To investigate the interaction between CAP and GEM with SWCNTs and BNNTs, molecular mechanics methods (MM) including AMBER, OPLS, CHARMM, and MM+ force fields, were employed. Monte Carlo simulation techniques were used to calculate the results at different temperatures. The effects of the liquid phase and mixed solvent media with varying dielectric constants (Water, DMSO, Methanol, and Ethanol) on the interaction between CAP and GEM using the force fields described above were examined in this study. The correlation between data generated by Monte Carlo, Quantum Mechanics, and Molecular Mechanics was demonstrated. There was a striking similarity in the thermodynamic properties and conformer populations of all three materials.