The effect of small (1-ha), 10-year rotational clear cuts on oak regeneration in Pennsylvania and Michigan

Abstract

We examined oak regeneration in small (2.5-acre [1-ha]) rotational clearcuts in central Pennsylvania and northern Michigan. In central Pennsylvania this approach was initiated to improve habitat for ruffed grouse and other early successional wildlife species, while in Michigan it was used to regenerate oak under harsh environmental site conditions associated with sandy soils and early frosts. In our study areas most of the small clearcut stands had greater oak regeneration than was found in a large 39.5-acre (16-ha) clearcuts. In particular, 10-year-old 2.5-acre (1-ha) clearcut stands located within a landscape of previous rotational cuts and remnant mature forest had adequate advanced oak regeneration compared with other age classes. We demonstrate that oak regeneration can be achieved within this type of landscape due to the availability of seed source within small clearcuts from adjacent forest and the reduction of herbivory by white-tailed deer due to an overall availability of plant resources. Therefore, if a rotational clearcut cycle is maintained over time, early successional wildlife habitat can be maintained while the objectives of forest regeneration are met. This type of forest management may be particularly applicable in areas where fire cannot be used to regenerate oak.