Korosi Retak Tegang pada Pipa Superheater Ketel Uap yang Baru Dibangun [Stress Corrosion Cracking of Cage Superheater Tubes of a Newly Built Boiler]

IF 0.6 Q4 METALLURGY & METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING Metalurgija Pub Date : 2017-12-01 DOI:10.14203/METALURGI.V32I3.357
D. N. Adnyana
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Abstract

A number of cage superheater tubes of a newly built steam boiler have been leaking during boiler’s first start-up commissioning. Leaking occurred when the boiler had just reached a pressure of 23.7 barg and temperature 405 0 C from the intended operating pressure of 53 barg and temperature of 485 0 C. Type of failure and factors that may have caused the leakage of the cage superheater tube are discussed in this paper. The metallurgical assessment was conducted by preparing a number of specimens from the as received leaked cage superheater tube. Various laboratory examinations were performed including macroscopic examination, chemical composition analysis, metallographic examination, hardness test and SEM (scanning electron microscopy) examination equipped with EDS (energy dispersive spectroscopy) analysis. Results of the metallurgical assessment obtained show that the leaked cage superheater tubes have been experiencing stress-corrosion cracking (SCC) caused by the combined effect of corrosion and tensile stress. The corrosion agent that may have been responsible for the occurrence of SCC in the tube was mostly due to caustic sodium (Na) and other elements in a lesser extent such as Ca, Cl, S and P. Abstrak Sejumlah pipa penukar panas lanjut pada sebuah ketel uap yang baru dibangun diketemukan bocor selama operasi komisioning yang pertama. Kebocoran terjadi ketika ketel uap baru saja mencapai tekanan 23,7 barg dan temperatur 405 °C dari tekanan dan temperatur operasi yang direncanakan yaitu 53 barg dan 485 °C. Dalam makalah ini dibahas jenis kerusakan dan faktor-faktor yang kemungkinan telah menyebabkan terjadinya kebocoran pada pipa penukar panas lanjut tersebut. Penelitian/pengujian metalurgi telah dilakukan dengan mempersiapkan sejumlah benda uji yang diperoleh dari salah satu potongan pipa yang bocor tersebut. Berbagai pengujian laboratorium telah dilakukan meliputi: uji makro, analisa komposisi kimia, uji metalografi, uji kekerasan dan uji SEM ( scanning electron microscopy ) yang dilengkapi dengan analisis EDS ( energy dispersive spectroscopy ). Hasil penelitian/pengujian metalurgi yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa pipa penukar panas lanjut yang bocor tersebut telah mengalami retak korosi tegangan yang disebabkan oleh efek kombinasi antara korosi dan tegangan tarik. Unsur korosif yang kemungkinan dapat menimbulkan terjadinya retak korosi tegangan pada pipa penukar panas lanjut adalah kaustik sodium (Na) dan elemen-elemen lainnya pada tingkatan yang relatif rendah seperti Ca, Cl, S dan P.
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新造的蒸汽机管道上的腐蚀性应力破裂。
新建蒸汽锅炉的一些笼式过热器管在锅炉首次启动调试期间发生泄漏。当锅炉从53 barg的预期运行压力和485 0 C的温度刚刚达到23.7 barg的压力和405 0 C时,发生了泄漏。本文讨论了笼式过热器管的故障类型和可能导致泄漏的因素。冶金评估是通过从收到的泄漏笼式过热器管中制备一些试样来进行的。进行了各种实验室检查,包括宏观检查、化学成分分析、金相检查、硬度测试和配备EDS(能量色散光谱)分析的SEM(扫描电子显微镜)检查。冶金评估结果表明,由于腐蚀和拉应力的共同作用,泄漏的笼式过热器管出现了应力腐蚀开裂。可能导致管道中SCC发生的腐蚀剂主要是由于苛性钠(Na)和其他元素,如Ca、Cl、S和P。Abstrak新建蒸汽锅炉上的其他换热器在第一次试运行期间发现泄漏。当蒸汽锅炉的压力刚刚达到23.7巴,温度为405°C,而计划的操作压力和温度分别为53巴和485°C时,就会发生泄漏。它讨论了损坏的类型以及可能导致热交换器管道泄漏的因素。冶金研究/测试是通过准备从其中一根泄漏管道中获得的一些测试项目进行的。进行了各种实验室测试,包括:宏观测试、化学成分分析、金属造影测试、暴力测试和配备能量色散光谱(EDS)分析的SEM测试(扫描电子显微镜)。所获得的冶金研究/测试结果表明,由于腐蚀和牵引张力之间的组合效应,另一热交换器管道的泄漏经历了张力腐蚀的断裂。可能导致热交换器管道应力腐蚀破裂的腐蚀性元素是钠(Na)橡胶和其他含量相对较低的元素,如Ca、Cl、S和P。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Metalurgija
Metalurgija 工程技术-冶金工程
CiteScore
1.20
自引率
33.30%
发文量
64
审稿时长
4-8 weeks
期刊介绍: The journal Metalurgija is primary scientific periodical that publishes scientific papers (original papers, preliminary notes, reviewed papers) as well as professional papers from the area of basic, applicable and developing researching in metallurgy and boundary metallurgy areas (physics, chemistry, mechanical engineering). These papers relate to processing ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy, treating investigating as well as testing of raw materials, semi products and products, especially in the area of improving new materials and possibilities of their implementation. The journal is the only national periodical of this kind in the Republic of Croatia and covers the scientific field of metallurgy, especially: physical metallurgy and materials; process metailurgy, (ferrous and non-ferrous); mechanical metallurgy (processing, power , etc.); related (adjoing) branches: mechanlcal engineering, chemistry, physics etc.
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