Studi Metagenomik Sampel Perairan yang Diperkaya dari Wilayah Hilir Sungai Citarum dan Potensinya sebagai Agen Bioremediasi

Abstract

Muara Gembong waters is a downstream region of the Citarum watershed that receives anthropogenic runoff and affects water pollution. To overcome the problem of pollution, bacteria can be used as a bioremediation agent. Until now, information on the bacterial community in Citarum River waters has not been obtained, especially in the downstream area of Muara Gembong. This study aims to identify the community, abundance, and diversity of bacteria from Muara Gembong waters that have been enriched with a metagenomic approach, as well as functional analysis by looking at the protein profiles of the identified bacteria that have the potential as bioremediation agents. Water samples were taken at two locations (A1 and A2) with different water characteristics. Estuary water samples were enriched with 0.2x Nutrient Broth (NB). Amplicon sequencing of NGS by Novaseq Illumina platform was used in this research, using 16S rRNA primer region V3-V4 (341F and 806R). The results showed that 37 genera, 19 families, 13 orders, 7 classes, and 4 bacterial phyla were identified with 49 OTUs for A1 and 48 OTUs for A2. The highest abundance was obtained by the Gammaproteobacteria class (99.82%) which dominated by the Vibrio genera. The diversity level is classified as medium diversity with high dominance. Functional analysis showed the ability of the identified bacteria to degrade benzoate, dioxin, fatty acid, methane, naphthalene, nitrotoluene, PAH, and sulfur with proteins and enzymes involved in the metabolism. This study shows that identified bacteria in Muara Gembong waters are potentially appicable for bioremediation of the environment contaminants, such as organic pollutants and heavy metals.