Minimum soak times of Baited Remote Underwater Video needed to assess the status of a coral reef fish community in the northern Gulf of Aqaba

Abstract

Fishing pressure and other human impacts are increasing throughout much of the Red Sea. We assessed the minimum soak time and status of the coral reef fish community in the Aqaba Marine Park, Jordan prior to its official redesignation as a Marine Reserve in 2020 using baited remote underwater video (BRUV). A total of 86 species from 27 families were recorded in 15 deployments, comprising 60 hours of video. A minimum soak time of 150 minutes was found necessary to sufficiently estimate overall species richness. For richness of commercially valuable families, shorter soak times of 60 minutes were adequate, likely resulting from increased attraction of this largely piscivorous group to the bait plumes. A 30-minute soak time was adequate to assess the maxN of commercially valuable families. Our results indicate that the Aqaba Marine Reserve was overfished prior to its establishment as a reserve, as we recorded no large predators and not a single individual from Carcharhinidae, Haemulidae, Lutjanidae, or Scombridae. Other predator families like Epinephelinae, Lethrinidae, and Carangidae were relatively rare with low maxN. Our results provide a useful point of comparison to assess whether the coral reef fish community will recover as a result of enhanced management action and reduced fishing pressure.