Living through trauma: to bear the unbearable, to speak the unspeakable

IF 0.4 Q4 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOTHERAPY Pub Date : 2022-01-02 DOI:10.1080/0075417X.2022.2047762
Sofia Anassontzi, Ira Kollia
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Abstract

ABSTRACT A traumatic situation can be both cataclysmic and disorganising, while putting the whole existence of the individual to the test. Every trauma causes either minor or major rifts in the psyche, thus putting a strain on the patient’s present, past and future. Specifically, when the traumatic experience remains without adequate mentalization, in an instinctive form, it can severely affect the patient, both psychologically and socially. In this paper, we discuss the dual dimension of the traumatic experience. Firstly, since the psyche cannot elaborate the traumatic event or situation psychologically, only minor symbolic or mental representations are available, and the traumatic content cannot find its place in the patient’s psychic history. Since the trauma cannot be worked through psychologically, it usually comprises a massive experience of deadly anxieties, mixed with somatic and sensorial memories. Secondly, the consequences of the trauma have a social dimension. Individuals may feel disconnected and disengaged from their social existence and identity, alone and unprotected, as trauma can lead to them questioning their social identity. The unearthing of the previous psychic traumas explains why the therapy of traumatised patients demands in-depth, individual therapeutic work. Trauma therefore attacks in a dual manner, setting out to test all the aspects of the individual’s functioning. The therapeutic challenges for working with traumatised children and adolescents are considerable, as the clinical vignettes illustrate.
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经历创伤:忍受无法忍受的,说出无法言说的
摘要一个创伤的情况可能是灾难性的,也可能是无序的,同时也会考验个人的整体存在。每一次创伤都会在心理上造成轻微或重大的裂痕,从而给患者的现在、过去和未来带来压力。具体而言,当创伤经历仍然没有以本能的形式得到充分的心理化时,它会严重影响患者的心理和社会。在本文中,我们讨论了创伤经历的双重维度。首先,由于心理无法从心理上阐述创伤事件或情况,因此只有轻微的象征或心理表征可用,创伤内容无法在患者的心理史中找到位置。由于创伤无法从心理上解决,它通常包括大量致命焦虑的经历,夹杂着身体和感官记忆。第二,创伤的后果具有社会层面。个人可能会感到与自己的社会存在和身份脱节,孤独且没有保护,因为创伤会导致他们质疑自己的社会身份。先前精神创伤的发现解释了为什么创伤患者的治疗需要深入的、个性化的治疗工作。因此,创伤以双重方式发作,开始测试个人功能的各个方面。正如临床小插曲所示,治疗创伤儿童和青少年的挑战是相当大的。
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来源期刊
JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOTHERAPY
JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOTHERAPY PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL-
CiteScore
0.70
自引率
50.00%
发文量
46
期刊介绍: The Journal of Child Psychotherapy is the official journal of the Association of Child Psychotherapists, first published in 1963. It is an essential publication for all those with an interest in the theory and practice of psychoanalytic psychotherapy and work with infants, children, adolescents and their parents where there are emotional and psychological problems. The journal also deals with the applications of such theory and practice in other settings or fields The Journal is concerned with a wide spectrum of emotional and behavioural disorders. These range from the more severe conditions of autism, anorexia, depression and the traumas of emotional, physical and sexual abuse to problems such as bed wetting and soiling, eating difficulties and sleep disturbance.
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