Early Cretaceous solar cycles recorded in lacustrine laminations in North China

IF 1.9 3区 地球科学 Q3 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY American Journal of Science Pub Date : 2021-11-01 DOI:10.2475/09.2021.01
Xing Tian, Yuanhong Gao, T. Kukla, O. Lenz, He Huang, D. Ibarra, Shouliang Sun, Chengshan Wang
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引用次数: 5

Abstract

Solar cycles are important moderators of the Earth’s global climate system. Although modern-day solar cycles are well known, they have been less studied over geological time. High-resolution records such as varves have been previously used for reconstructing solar cycles from the Paleoproterozoic through Quaternary. In this paper, very fine (<1 mm) sedimentary laminations of the Early Cretaceous Yixian Formation in Xiushui Basin were studied in Northern Liaoning Province, North China. Two different microfacies of the striped shale in the Third Member of the Yixian Formation were identified. These include the light-gray to gray siltstone (Mf 1) and the gray to black organic-rich mudstone (Mf 2). Laminations of Mf 2 are mainly made of biofilms. Sub-millimeter scaled couplets of biofilm and siliciclastic-rich sublamina record seasonal growth and withering of microbial mats during the warm season (summer) and cold season (winter), respectively. Evolutionary spectral analyses of three binary rank series (the binary boxcar series, triangle series, and midpoint-triangle series), varve couplet thickness and gray scale image data (gray data) show multiple periodicities consistent with solar cycles, including the robust Schwabe sunspot cycle (10.0–10.6 year) and solar Bruckner cycle (31.0–40.6 year), and relatively weaker signals for the solar Hale cycle (21.9 year) and 16.5-year solar cycles that have been linked to solar magnetic activity. Solar cycles recognized in this paper indicate the total solar irradiance (TSI) influenced microbial mat growth in the Early Cretaceous in North China. Further, we extend our new record with a compilation of varve-recorded sunspot cycles throughout geological time to show that the 11-year Schwabe sunspot cycle and the 22-year Hale cycle have persisted since the Paleoproterozoic.
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华北湖泊叠层中早白垩世太阳活动记录
太阳周期是地球全球气候系统的重要调节因子。尽管现代太阳周期是众所周知的,但在地质时期对它们的研究较少。varves等高分辨率记录以前曾用于重建从古元古代到第四纪的太阳周期。本文研究了辽北秀水盆地早白垩世义县组极细(<1mm)沉积叠层。对义县组三段条纹页岩的两种不同微相进行了识别。其中包括浅灰色至灰色粉砂岩(Mf 1)和灰色至黑色富含有机质的泥岩(Mf 2)。Mf2的层压板主要由生物膜组成。生物膜和富含硅碎屑的亚层的亚毫米级配对分别记录了温暖季节(夏季)和寒冷季节(冬季)微生物垫的季节性生长和枯萎。三个二元秩序列(二元盒车序列、三角形序列和中点三角形序列)、变对联厚度和灰度图像数据(灰色数据)的进化谱分析显示,多个周期性与太阳周期一致,包括稳健的施瓦布太阳黑子周期(10.0–10.6年)和太阳布鲁克纳周期(31.0–40.6年),与太阳磁活动有关的太阳Hale周期(21.9年)和16.5年太阳周期的信号相对较弱。本文识别的太阳周期表明,太阳总辐照度(TSI)影响了华北早白垩世微生物垫的生长。此外,我们通过汇编整个地质时期的各种记录的太阳黑子周期来扩展我们的新记录,以表明11年的Schwabe太阳黑子周期和22年的Hale太阳黑子周期自古元古代以来一直存在。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
American Journal of Science
American Journal of Science 地学-地球科学综合
CiteScore
5.80
自引率
3.40%
发文量
17
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: The American Journal of Science (AJS), founded in 1818 by Benjamin Silliman, is the oldest scientific journal in the United States that has been published continuously. The Journal is devoted to geology and related sciences and publishes articles from around the world presenting results of major research from all earth sciences. Readers are primarily earth scientists in academia and government institutions.
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