Maria Augusta Alonso , Yatta Linhares Boakari , Amanda Vallone Riccio , Carla Bargi Belli , Claudia Barbosa Fernandes
{"title":"Perinatal parameters of mule and equine foals: Similarities and differences","authors":"Maria Augusta Alonso , Yatta Linhares Boakari , Amanda Vallone Riccio , Carla Bargi Belli , Claudia Barbosa Fernandes","doi":"10.1016/j.jveb.2023.04.001","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>Although reference ranges of perinatal behavior of mule foals are paramount for intervention of compromised animals, there are no published data. The objective of this study was to compare the behavior and perinatal physiologic characteristics of mule and equine foals and the time for fetal membrane expulsion. A total of 47 healthy foals were evaluated (n = 30 mule and 17 equine foals). Apgar score at birth, 5, 10, 30, and 60 min postpartum, time to sternal recumbency, start suckling reflex, stand, onset of suckling, </span>meconium elimination, and time to fetal membrane expulsion were recorded. A model using Apgar with group, time, and interaction using time as repeated measures and a Tukey test were performed with significance </span><em>P</em> ≤ 0.05. Mule foals had higher Apgar than equine foals (7.93 ± 0.02 and 7.60 ± 0.07, respectively; <em>P</em> < 0.001). Additionally, mule foals started suckling faster (49.3 ± 2.71 min) than equine foals (81.86 ± 8.41 min; <em>P</em> < 0.001); however, meconium was eliminated slower in mule than equine foals (255.83 ± 18.14 and 76.66 ± 7.79 min, respectively; <em>P</em> < 0.001). Fetal membrane elimination was faster in mares pregnant with mule foals than those pregnant with domesticated horse foals (35.00 ± 4.06 and 113.38 ± 24.70 min, respectively; <em>P</em> = 0.0004). Therefore, mules have different perinatal behavior than equine foals which results in faster adaptation to the extrauterine environment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":17567,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Behavior-clinical Applications and Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3000,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"2","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Veterinary Behavior-clinical Applications and Research","FirstCategoryId":"97","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1558787823000503","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q4","JCRName":"BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Abstract
Although reference ranges of perinatal behavior of mule foals are paramount for intervention of compromised animals, there are no published data. The objective of this study was to compare the behavior and perinatal physiologic characteristics of mule and equine foals and the time for fetal membrane expulsion. A total of 47 healthy foals were evaluated (n = 30 mule and 17 equine foals). Apgar score at birth, 5, 10, 30, and 60 min postpartum, time to sternal recumbency, start suckling reflex, stand, onset of suckling, meconium elimination, and time to fetal membrane expulsion were recorded. A model using Apgar with group, time, and interaction using time as repeated measures and a Tukey test were performed with significance P ≤ 0.05. Mule foals had higher Apgar than equine foals (7.93 ± 0.02 and 7.60 ± 0.07, respectively; P < 0.001). Additionally, mule foals started suckling faster (49.3 ± 2.71 min) than equine foals (81.86 ± 8.41 min; P < 0.001); however, meconium was eliminated slower in mule than equine foals (255.83 ± 18.14 and 76.66 ± 7.79 min, respectively; P < 0.001). Fetal membrane elimination was faster in mares pregnant with mule foals than those pregnant with domesticated horse foals (35.00 ± 4.06 and 113.38 ± 24.70 min, respectively; P = 0.0004). Therefore, mules have different perinatal behavior than equine foals which results in faster adaptation to the extrauterine environment.
期刊介绍:
Journal of Veterinary Behavior: Clinical Applications and Research is an international journal that focuses on all aspects of veterinary behavioral medicine, with a particular emphasis on clinical applications and research. Articles cover such topics as basic research involving normal signaling or social behaviors, welfare and/or housing issues, molecular or quantitative genetics, and applied behavioral issues (eg, working dogs) that may have implications for clinical interest or assessment.
JVEB is the official journal of the Australian Veterinary Behaviour Interest Group, the British Veterinary Behaviour Association, Gesellschaft fr Tierverhaltensmedizin und Therapie, the International Working Dog Breeding Association, the Pet Professional Guild, the Association Veterinaire Suisse pour la Medecine Comportementale, and The American Veterinary Society of Animal Behavior.