Assessment of risk factors among female patients with various Acute Coronary Syndrome types presenting to Cardiology unit DHQ Kohat, Pakistan.

Abstract

Background: There is limited literature regarding the risk factors associated with acute coronary syndrome among female patients of the region, while none was previously reported from Kohat, Pakistan. Therefore, the present study aims to assess the risk factors among female patients with various types of Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS). Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from June 2021 to February 2022. A total of 500 female patients with ACS admitted to the Cardiology Unit at DHQ Kohat were enrolled, and data were collected using a structured questionnaire. The risk factors were determined with respect to ACS types. The patient's electrocardiography (ECG) and cardiac biomarkers were assessed, and blood samples were obtained to estimate lipid parameters. Results: The mean age of enrolled ACS females was 54.20 ± 9.20 years. Of the total, 74.6% were diagnosed with non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI), ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) was present among 6.0% of the enrolled cases, and 19.4% had unstable angina. Hypertension was the most prevalent risk factor (53.2%), followed by diabetes (51.4%). The studied risk factors mean age, blood pressure, body mass index (BMI), past medical history, and family history of ACS were significantly different among the different ACS types (p<0.05).   Conclusion: In conclusion, age, blood pressure, BMI, past medical history (presence of diabetes and hypertension), and family history of ACS among female patients are significantly associated with various ACS types.