Loss of life at sea from shipping British coal since 1890

T. Carter, John G. Williams, Hance D. Smith, Jennifer Protheroe-Jones, Annpurity W. John, S. Roberts
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Abstract

There was continuing public and political concern about the loss of life at sea during the second half of the nineteenth century in Britain. New regulatory requirements, introduced to examine the competence of officers, prevent overloading and reduce the risks from hazardous cargoes such as coal, were in place by 1890. However, the effectiveness of these measures was not systematically monitored at the time. This retrospective evaluation reviews subsequent loss of life in the coal trade, the largest sector of British exports by weight. Loss of life remained high; it was more dangerous to export a ton of coal than it was to mine it. Some routes, such as those around Cape Horn and to Scandinavia, carried the highest risk, and losses on European voyages were more common in winter. Over time, the risks reduced as sail gave way to steam and diesel propulsion, and as maritime communications improved.
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自1890年以来,英国煤炭运输造成海上人命损失
19世纪下半叶,公众和政治上一直对英国在海上的生命损失感到担忧。新的监管要求于1890年出台,旨在检查官员的能力,防止超载,降低煤炭等危险货物的风险。然而,当时没有系统地监测这些措施的有效性。这项回顾性评估回顾了煤炭贸易中随后的生命损失,煤炭贸易是英国出口中重量最大的部门。生命损失仍然很高;出口一吨煤比开采一吨煤更危险。一些航线,如合恩角附近和斯堪的纳维亚半岛的航线,风险最高,而欧洲航线的损失在冬季更为常见。随着时间的推移,随着帆被蒸汽和柴油推进所取代,以及海上通信的改善,风险降低了。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
0.40
自引率
33.30%
发文量
53
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