Conception, construction and the cultural significance of Te Parapara Garden in Hamilton, Aotearoa New Zealand

Q2 Arts and Humanities Journal of New Zealand and Pacific Studies Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI:10.1386/nzps_00071_1
W. Puke
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Abstract

Te Parapara Garden is the only complete pre-European-style Māori horticultural garden in the world. Historically inspired and empirically researched, it lies within the Hamilton Gardens on a young river terrace immediately adjacent to the Waikato River in Hamilton (Kirikiriroa), Aotearoa New Zealand. In this article, Wiremu Puke (Ngāti Wairere, Ngāti Porou) ‐ a tohunga whakairo (master carver, including using pre-steel tools) and a tohunga whakapapa (genealogical expert on his tribal affiliations) of Ngāti Wairere (the mana whenua, or first people of the traditional ancestral tribal lands of Kirikiriroa) ‐ describes the design and development of Te Parapara Garden from its initial concept in 2003 and the construction of its many features, including the waharoa (gateway), pou (carved pillars), pātaka (storehouse), whatarangi (small storehouse), taeapa (fencing) and rua kūmara (underground storage pit), and the sourcing and use of kōkōwai (red ochre). The garden was completed in 2010. Its ongoing functioning, including the annual planting and harvesting of traditional pre-European kūmara (sweet potato) using modified, mounded soils (puke or ahu), is also covered. The unique Te Parapara Garden is of great cultural importance and a source of pride, knowledge and understanding for national and international visitors and empirical and academic researchers.
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新西兰奥特罗阿汉密尔顿帕拉帕花园的构思、建造和文化意义
帕拉帕拉花园是世界上唯一完整的前欧洲风格Māori园艺花园。该项目受到历史启发并经过实证研究,位于汉密尔顿花园内,紧邻新西兰奥特罗阿汉密尔顿(Kirikiriroa)的怀卡托河。在这篇文章中,Wiremu Puke (Ngāti Wairere, Ngāti Porou)‐一个tohunga whakairo(雕刻大师,包括使用前钢工具)和一个tohunga whakapapa(他的部落关系的谱系专家)的Ngāti Wairere (mana whenua,或Kirikiriroa传统祖先部落土地的第一批人)‐描述了Parapara花园的设计和开发,从2003年最初的概念到它的许多特征的建设,包括waharoa(门户),Pou(雕刻的柱子),pātaka(仓库),whatarangi(小仓库),taeapa(围栏)和rua kūmara(地下储存坑),以及kōkōwai(红赭石)的来源和使用。这座花园于2010年完工。它正在进行的功能,包括每年种植和收获传统的前欧洲kūmara(甘薯),使用改良的,堆土(puke或ahu),也包括在内。独特的帕拉帕拉花园具有重要的文化意义,是国内外游客、实证和学术研究人员的骄傲、知识和理解的源泉。
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来源期刊
Journal of New Zealand and Pacific Studies
Journal of New Zealand and Pacific Studies Arts and Humanities-Literature and Literary Theory
CiteScore
0.30
自引率
0.00%
发文量
20
期刊介绍: The Journal of New Zealand & Pacific Studies covers disciplines including the humanities and social sciences, and subjects such as cultural studies, history, literature, film, anthropology, politics and sociology. Each issue of this publication aims to establish a balance between papers on New Zealand and papers on the South Pacific, with a reports and book reviews section included. The journal is sponsored by the New Zealand Studies Association and hosted by the University of Vienna. It has replaced the key publication NZSA Bulletin of New Zealand Studies.
期刊最新文献
In conversation with Stallone Vaiaoga-Ioasa Mothers’ Darlings of The South Pacific: The Children of Indigenous Women and U.S. Servicemen, World War II, Judith A. Bennett and Angela Wanhalla (eds) (2016) Beyond Hawaii: Native Labor in the Pacific World, Gregory Rosenthal (2018) The New Zealand Wars: Ngā Pakanga o Aotearoa, Vincent O’Malley (2019) Special Issue: New Scholarship in New Zealand and Pacific Studies Part 2
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