Review—Electrochemical Sensors Used for the Determination of Some Antifungal Azoles

Abstract

Antifungal agents are essential drugs used to treat fungal infections caused by various types of fungi. Due to their mechanism of action, these drugs bear serious adverse reactions, interact with a wide range of other drugs, and negatively impact the environment. Therefore, there is a need for accurate, sensitive, and reliable detection methods to minimize and possibly avoid their potentially negative effects. Even though so far classical methods have proven to be effective in detecting these drugs, some of their disadvantages have led the scientific community to focus its efforts on electrochemical methods, as they are simpler to use, more sensitive, and require a smaller quantity of sample and minimal sample pretreatment. This mini-review focuses on electrochemical sensors developed between 2017 and 2022 to detect and quantify antifungal azoles, highlighting their response characteristics, sensitivity, and applicability in real samples analysis.