Nano Additives in Cashew Nut Shell Liquid Biodiesel and Environment Emissions of Diesel Engine

Abstract

The developing countries are using non-edible oils for the production of biofuels, additives, or alternate fuels. The research article focused on the behavior study and analysis of cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) biodiesel obtained by processing the cashew nut shell liquid. The work is carried out to derive the thermal-cracked (TC) -CNSL oil from Cardonal in the temperature range l50℃ to 400℃. The chemical functional groups are studied using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS) techniques. The TC-CNSL blended fuel performance is compared with diesel and neat biodiesel (B-100). The physicochemical properties of diesel, CNSL, and TC-CNSL biodiesel are estimated based on American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standards. The 50 parts per million (ppm) Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles are added with TC-CNSL-B25, TC-CNSL-B50, TC-CNSL-75, and TC-CNSL-BJOO and processed in a single stroke diesel engine working at constant speed 1500-rpm. The blended fuel is analyzed based on environmental emission parameters in the diesel engines. The carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2) hydrocarbon (HC) emissions of B-100 are reduced by 40.5%, 60.9%, and 30.7% respectively in comparison to diesel, at full load. The nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions are increased by 13.26 % in B-100 in comparison to diesel, at full load. The smoke density is also observed decreasing in B-100 in comparison to diesel.