Optical Coherence Tomography Analysis of Macular Thickness in Children with Amblyopia

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Abstract

Purpose: To compare central, inner and outer ring macular thickness measured with optic coherence tomography (OCT) in children with unilateral amblyopia. To analyze the differences in retinal structure among strabismic, anisometropic and combined (strabismus + anisometropia) amblyopia. Background: Amblyopia is a reduction of visual acuity in one or both eyes due to an abnormal visual input during the development of the visual system. It is mainly caused by strabismus, anisometropia or high bilateral refractive errors, and visual deprivation. Although it has been always said that the amblyopic eye is an otherwise healthy eye, the imaging techniques developed lately, especially OCT and angio OCT, may show differences in retinal structures that could have a role in the development of amblyopia and/or its response to treatment. Methods: Retrospective review of amblyopic children followed up in our hospital. 60 children with unilateral amblyopia due to anisometropia and/or strabismus, with a good quality OCT exam, were included. We analyzed 9 thickness measurements: central macular thickness (1mm ring) and 4 sectors in inner (3mm) and outer (6mm) rings. Results: Data from 60 children is included. Mean retinal thickness at the central 1mm ring was 249.15µm for amblyopic eyes vs 238.3µm for fellow eye (p=0.000). For the thickness in the other 8 sectors for inner and outer rings no statistically significant differences were found. The central retina measurement was thicker in the anisometropic amblyopia group (p=0.003), but no statistically significant difference was found in the strabismic (p=0.066) and combined group (p=0.055). Conclusions: Central retinal thickness was significantly greater in amblyopic eyes compared to fellow eyes. This difference in thickness is also statistically significant in patients with anisometropia but not in those with strabismus or strabismus + anisometropia. Further studies with more patients are recommended.
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弱视儿童黄斑厚度的光学相干断层扫描分析
目的:比较光学相干断层扫描(OCT)对单侧弱视儿童黄斑中心、内、外环厚度的测量结果。分析斜视、屈光参差及混合性(斜视+屈光参差)弱视视网膜结构的差异。背景:弱视是由于视觉系统发育过程中视觉输入异常导致的单眼或双眼视力下降。它主要由斜视、参差或高度双侧屈光不正和视力剥夺引起。虽然人们一直认为弱视是健康的眼睛,但最近发展的成像技术,特别是OCT和血管OCT,可能显示视网膜结构的差异,这可能在弱视的发展和/或其对治疗的反应中起作用。方法:回顾性分析我院儿童弱视随访资料。60例单侧弱视儿童由于参差和/或斜视,并有良好的OCT检查。我们分析了9个厚度测量值:中央黄斑厚度(1mm环)和4个内(3mm)和外(6mm)环。结果:数据来自60名儿童。弱视眼中央1mm环的平均视网膜厚度为249.15µm,而正常眼为238.3µm (p=0.000)。内环和外环的其他8个扇区厚度差异无统计学意义。屈光参差弱视组中央视网膜测量值较粗(p=0.003),而斜视组与联合弱视组中央视网膜测量值差异无统计学意义(p=0.066),差异无统计学意义(p=0.055)。结论:弱视眼的中央视网膜厚度明显大于正常眼。这种厚度差异在屈光参差患者中也有统计学意义,但在斜视或斜视+屈光参差患者中没有统计学意义。建议对更多患者进行进一步研究。
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