The impact of health anxiety and distrust in the healthcare system on cyberchondria: a cross-sectional study

Abstract

Cyberchondria is when excessive internet searches for health-related issues, a common phenomenon likely fuelled by health anxiety and distrust in healthcare systems, leads to unfounded concerns about physical health. This can prevent individuals from seeking appropriate medical advice when needed. This study explored the relationship between health anxiety, distrust in the healthcare system and cyberchondria. This cross-sectional quantitative study used a questionnaire to collect data from adults living in cities in southern Turkey. A total of 484 questionnaires were sent using Google Forms and distributed via email and social media, with 386 returned. Respondents rated items on 4- and 5-point Likert scales. The data were summarised using descriptive statistics and analysed using inferential statistics and structural equation modeling. There were significant positive correlations between health anxiety and cyberchondria (β=0.514) and distrust in the healthcare system and cyberchondria (β=0.283). There were also weak but significant positive relationships between cyberchondria and female sex, having a chronic condition and time spent online. Health anxiety and lack of trust for the healthcare system can lead to increased rates of cyberchondria. Effective public health communication strategies are needed to reduce these effects by building trust in the healthcare system and alleviating health anxiety.