Histopathologic profile of bone and joint lesions in a tertiary health institution in Southeast Nigeria: A nine-year review

I. Ezejiofor, Olaniyi Olaofe, O. Ezejiofor, C. Ukah, N. Ozor, ChukwuemekaN Osonwa
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Abstract

Background: The human skeletal system is composed of all the bones, joints, cartilage, ligaments, and tendons. The lesions of this system were thought to be uncommon in our environment and like lesions in any other part of the body are better managed when early presentations and correct diagnosis are made. The paucity of research on these lesions has prompted the need to study the topic. Aims: We aimed to study the bone and joint lesions, with a view to determining the most common types, the most involved sites of the body, the sex, and the age of presentations. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study carried out at the Histopathology Department of Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi, Nigeria, from 2011 to 2019. Results: Eighty-four cases of bone and joint lesions were diagnosed in the study period, and they had a slight male preponderance with a M: F ratio of 1.4:1 and a mean age of 38.7 ± 22.0 years. Nonneoplastic lesions were more common 58.3% (49/84) than neoplastic tumours 41.7% (35/84). Benign tumours were however more common 27.4% (23/84) than malignant tumours 14.3% (12/84). Nonneoplastic lesions and benign tumours were seen in the first and second decades of life while malignant tumours occurred in the third and fourth decades. Of the 84 lesions, 47 cases were bone lesions while 37 were joint lesions. Osteomyelitis was the most common nonneoplastic bone lesion (7/47; 14.9%) while osteochondroma and giant cell tumours were the most common and only benign bone tumours seen and accounted for 14.9% (7/47) of cases each. Metastatic bone diseases (5/47; 10.6%) and osteosarcoma (4/47; 8.5%) were the most common malignant bone tumours, with osteosarcoma being the most common primary bone malignant tumours (4/7; 57.1%). Ganglion cysts were the most common lesions in all accounting for 23.8% (20/84) and the most common nonneoplastic (20/49; 40.8%) and joint lesions (20/37; 54.1%). Nodular tenosynovitis was the most common benign joint tumour and accounted for 10.8% (4/37) of cases; there is no malignant joint tumour. Skull was the most common anatomic site for bone lesions while the humerus was the most common anatomic site for bone tumours whereas wrist was the most common site for joint lesions. Conclusion: Nonneoplastic bone and joint lesions were more common than neoplastic lesions in our environment, with ganglion cysts being the most common joint lesions while osteomyelitis, osteochondroma, and giant cell tumours were the most common bone lesions. There is no malignant joint tumour observed in this study.
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在尼日利亚东南部的三级卫生机构骨关节病变的组织病理学特征:九年回顾
背景:人类骨骼系统由所有的骨骼、关节、软骨、韧带和肌腱组成。该系统的病变在我们的环境中被认为是罕见的,就像身体任何其他部位的病变一样,当早期表现和正确诊断时,可以更好地处理。由于缺乏对这些病变的研究,因此有必要对该主题进行研究。目的:我们旨在研究骨和关节病变,以确定最常见的类型、最常见的身体部位、性别和表现年龄。材料和方法:这是一项回顾性研究,于2011年至2019年在尼日利亚Nnewi的Nnamdi Azikiwe大学教学医院组织病理科进行。结果:在研究期间,共诊断出84例骨关节病变,他们以男性为主,男女比例为1.4:1,平均年龄为38.7±22.0岁。非肿瘤性病变的发生率为58.3%(49/84),而肿瘤性病变为41.7%(35/84)。然而,良性肿瘤的发生率为27.4%(23/84),高于恶性肿瘤的14.3%(12/84)。非肿瘤性病变和良性肿瘤发生在生命的第一和第二个十年,而恶性肿瘤发生在第三和第四十个十年。84个病灶中,47个为骨病变,37个为关节病变。骨脊髓炎是最常见的非肿瘤性骨病变(7/47;14.9%),而骨软骨瘤和巨细胞瘤是最常见且仅有的良性骨肿瘤,各占14.9%(7/47)。骨转移性疾病(5/47;10.6%)和骨肉瘤(4/47;8.5%)是最常见的恶性骨肿瘤,骨肉瘤为最常见的原发性骨恶性肿瘤(4/7;57.1%)。神经节囊肿为最常见病变,占23.8%(20/84),最常见的非肿瘤性病变(20/49;40.8%)和关节病变(20/37;54.1%)。结节性滑膜炎为最常见良性关节肿瘤,占10.8%(4/37);没有恶性关节肿瘤。颅骨是骨损伤最常见的解剖部位,肱骨是骨肿瘤最常见的解剖学部位,而手腕是关节损伤最常见部位。结论:在我们的环境中,非肿瘤性骨和关节病变比肿瘤性病变更常见,神经节囊肿是最常见的关节病变,而骨髓炎、骨软骨瘤和巨细胞瘤是最常见。本研究中未观察到恶性关节肿瘤。
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来源期刊
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发文量
65
审稿时长
20 weeks
期刊介绍: The Nigerian Journal of Medicine publishes articles on socio-economic, political and legal matters related to medical practice; conference and workshop reports and medical news.
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