ON THE USE OF A CENTRAL THORIUM FUEL ELEMENT IN PRESSURE-TUBE HEAVY-WATER REACTOR FUEL BUNDLES

Abstract

An incremental approach to introducing thorium to the conventional pressure-tube heavy-water reactor natural uranium fuel cycle is investigated. The approach involves the replacement of the centre fuel element of the bundle with an element of thorium dioxide. Increasing the operating margin of a key safety parameter, the coolant void reactivity, is a prime motivating factor. The analyses showed that the simple use of a single pin of thorium is unlikely to be economically advantageous due to a large burnup penalty and increased fuel costs. However, a slight reduction in the void reactivity is observed, and this approach does allow the exploitation of the energy potential available in thorium as an alternative nuclear fuel resource through the development of a U-233 resource. This bundle concept may also be advantageous from a fuel disposal point of view, as the fuel requires less time in storage before emplacement in a deep geological repository.