Plants Biodiversity of the Burigi-Chato National Park: Rare and Invasive Species

J. Makunga, Alfred Gobolo
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引用次数: 1

Abstract

This study was conducted within a distance of three to five kilometres around Lake Burigi as a study area in the Burigi-Chato National Park for the purpose of documenting the diversity of plants, identifying invasive and rare species for enhancing conservation in the park. Lake Burigi was purposively sampled as a study area for plant identification due to its potential as a tourist destination. No study has been conducted in the study area to reveal plants diversity, with a focus on documenting invasive and rare species, thus necessitating undertaking of this study to inform the park authority to take urgent control measures in avoiding widespread of invasive species and proper planning for conservation of rare species. The methods involved included field observation; plant identification using field guide books, indigenous and professional knowledge; field mapping using GPS receiver and literature review. Analysis of meteorological data and soil sample were also used among other methods. Meteorological data were analysed using Microsoft Excel and SPSS v.20 to determine the relationship between variables. A total of 102 plant species of different growth forms of trees, shrubs, grasses, sedges, forbs, and herbs were identified and recorded. Tegetes minuta and Argemone mexicana were recorded as invasive plant species, while six rare plant species potential for pharmaceutical industry; Zanthoxylum usambarense, Gardenia ternifolia, Faidherbia albida, Harrisonia abyssinica, Anona senegalensis, and, Pappea capensis were also recorded. Scars of wildfires were observed in the study area. The study area received an average rainfall of 964.36 mm per year, the highest peak recorded in 1951. The trend of rainfall showed that many years had rainfall below the average while the temperature was found to increase from year to year, the situation which suggests the existence of climate change in the study area. There was a weak negative relationship between temperature and wind speed. Soil nutrients and disturbances in the area were found to favour the growth of Tegetes minuta. Findings of this study would help ecological unit in the park to conduct regular ecological assessment for the purpose of controlling invasive plant species, which if left to flourish are likely to reduce habitat suitability for ungulates to utilize the area. Moreover, knowing which plant species are rare, adds value to the area as a destination to visitors interested in plants. The findings also allow the park authority to keep record of species rarity and thus easily take control of them to avoid unintended exploitation. Based on the findings, it was concluded that a number of disturbances, meteorological and edaphic factors favour the growth of invasive species. Urgent measures are to be taken to control the observed invasive plant species before they are left to spread in the park to avoid destruction of the habitat suitability and incurring unnecessary expenses and time in combating them. Furthermore, rare plant species especially those with pharmaceutical and industrial values are to be conserved with special attention to ensure their continued survival. It was recommended that human-induced activities should be prevented through regular ecological assessment, field patrols and public awareness programs. A similar study needs to be conducted during dry season to make comparison of the capacity of plants in adapting to different changes of the weather.
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布里吉查托国家公园植物多样性:珍稀入侵物种
这项研究是在布里吉湖周围三到五公里的范围内进行的,布里吉湖是布里吉查托国家公园的一个研究区,目的是记录植物的多样性,识别入侵和稀有物种,以加强公园的保护。由于布里吉湖有可能成为旅游目的地,因此有意将其作为植物鉴定的研究区域进行采样。研究区域内没有进行任何研究来揭示植物多样性,重点是记录入侵物种和稀有物种,因此有必要进行这项研究,以告知公园管理局采取紧急控制措施,避免入侵物种的广泛存在,并对稀有物种的保护进行适当规划。所涉及的方法包括实地观察;利用实地指导书、土著和专业知识进行植物鉴定;使用GPS接收器的野外测绘和文献综述。除其他方法外,还使用了气象数据和土壤样本的分析。气象数据使用Microsoft Excel和SPSS v.20进行分析,以确定变量之间的关系。共鉴定和记录了102种不同生长形式的植物,包括树木、灌木、草、莎草、杂类植物和草本植物。微小Tegetes minuta和墨西哥Argemone mexicana被记录为入侵植物物种,而六种稀有植物物种有可能用于制药行业;还记录了乌山花椒、三叶栀子、白背花、深海哈里松、塞内加尔Anona和山豌豆。在研究区域观察到了野火的痕迹。研究区的平均年降雨量为964.36毫米,是1951年记录的最高峰。降雨趋势表明,多年来降雨量低于平均水平,而气温逐年上升,这种情况表明研究地区存在气候变化。温度和风速之间存在微弱的负相关关系。研究发现,该地区的土壤养分和干扰有利于水刺的生长。这项研究的结果将有助于公园内的生态单位定期进行生态评估,以控制入侵植物物种,如果任由其繁殖,可能会降低有蹄类动物利用该地区的栖息地适宜性。此外,了解哪些植物物种是罕见的,会为该地区作为对植物感兴趣的游客的目的地增加价值。这些发现还使公园管理局能够记录物种的稀有性,从而轻松控制它们,避免意外的开发。根据这些发现,得出的结论是,许多干扰、气象和土壤因素有利于入侵物种的生长。在观察到的入侵植物物种在公园内传播之前,应采取紧急措施控制它们,以避免破坏栖息地的适宜性,并避免在对抗它们时产生不必要的费用和时间。此外,要特别注意保护稀有植物物种,特别是那些具有药用和工业价值的植物物种,以确保它们的持续生存。有人建议,应通过定期的生态评估、实地巡逻和公众意识计划来防止人为活动。需要在旱季进行类似的研究,以比较植物适应不同天气变化的能力。
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