THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS AND PRACTICAL APPROACHES TO PREVENTING AND OVERCOMING THE NEGATIVE MENTAL CONSEQUENCES OF CRISIS SITUATIONS IN THE POPULATION DURING THE WAR

Abstract

Purpose - to present an analysis of the theoretical foundations and practical approaches to preventing and overcoming the negative mental consequences of crisis situations in the population during the war. Material and methods -The study used the bibliographic method, as well as the method of analysis and synthesis of scientific materials from scientific sources. Results and discussion. The results of our study showed that it is important for specialists involved in the organization and provision of crisis psychological assistance to take into account that in traumatic situations, victims and their relatives are in dire need of information, social, medical and other types of assistance. Orientation is towards an integrated approach in providing assistance contributes to a more rapid recovery of the pre-crisis functional state of a person, his ability to adequately perceive reality, greater self-control of behavior in a crisis situation and a decrease in the likelihood of mental disorders and psychosomatic diseases as a result of a traumatic experience. Of particular importance in the provision of emergency psychological assistance are theoretical ideas about mental (cognitive, emotional, behavioral, etc.) changes caused by the influence of extreme, crisis situations. In the cognitive-cognitive sphere of a person, there are violations of perception, attention, thinking, memory. There are serious negative changes in volitional actions (decision-making, control, self-regulation). On the part of the emotional sphere, there are anxiety, panic states, fear, horror, aggression, anger, guilt, shame, depression, apathy, etc. Among somatovegetative disorders there are loss of appetite, sleep disturbance, a sharp weight decrease (or increase), a decrease in the overall tone of the body, flabbiness, muscle tension, trembling, etc. are observed. In behavioral manifestations, there is a general disorganization, which manifests itself in the loss of purposefulness of behavior, its controllability by a person; aimless increased activity prevails or, on the contrary, passivity, lethargy. In the sphere of social interaction, aggressive behavior, conflict, the search for the perpetrators and blaming others, alienation, social isolation, etc. are often observed. Conclusion. Being in crisis conditions and experiencing the traumatic consequences of war, a person experiences a whole range of negative emotional states. Mental processes and states experienced by a person as a result of a crisis event are characterized by the obsessive reproduction of the traumatic experience, which is embodied in symptomatic behavior, and is caused by the desire to avoid repeating the emotional experiences that took place during the traumatic event. The central idea of ​​the vast majority of theoretical and practical approaches to overcoming the traumatic consequences of crisis events is that the use of certain psychotechniques should deprive a person of experiencing negative emotional manifestations and behavior aimed at avoiding everything that can remind of the experience, or at least weaken these symptoms.