Protected species considerations for ocean planning: A case study for offshore wind energy development in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico

IF 1.8 3区 农林科学 Q2 FISHERIES Marine and Coastal Fisheries Pub Date : 2023-06-30 DOI:10.1002/mcf2.10246
Nicholas A. Farmer, Lance P. Garrison, Jenny A. Litz, Joel G. Ortega-Ortiz, Gina Rappucci, Paul M. Richards, Jessica R. Powell, Dana M. Bethea, Jonathan A. Jossart, Alyssa L. Randall, Mariana E. Steen, Tershara N. Matthews, James A. Morris Jr
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Abstract

Objective

Ocean planning provides opportunities for managers to evaluate tradeoffs among environmental, social, economic, cultural, and management considerations in the development of place-based activities. Early integration of mobile protected species considerations into ocean planning reduces the likelihood of future resource conflict. Transparency and problem solving with potential conflicts in mind during the early planning stages can help to minimize contention and increase efficiency in permitting and may also minimize litigation challenges during project design and implementation. Starting with a large area, such as the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management's (BOEM) initial 12.1-million-ha call area in federal waters of the U.S. Gulf of Mexico, provided substantial geographic scope for identifying suitable areas for eventual offshore wind lease sales that also aim to minimize conflict across multiple resources and uses.

Methods

To support ocean planning for this large-scale activity, a generalized scoring system for protected species status and trends that facilitates relative comparison between species was developed. Spatial data for species listed under the U.S. Endangered Species Act or the Marine Mammal Protection Act were assembled. Species layers were scored based on species status and trend. The cumulative vulnerability for 23 species groups whose distributions overlap suitable areas proposed for eventual lease sales, termed wind energy areas (WEAs) by BOEM, was calculated.

Result

Integrating this combined protected species data layer into the broader Gulf of Mexico WEA ocean planning process helped to reduce potential protected species conflicts by 70%.

Conclusion

This generalized approach is directly applicable to other WEAs under consideration within the United States and is transferable to a variety of ocean spatial planning applications.

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海洋规划中的保护物种考虑因素:美国墨西哥湾海上风能开发的案例研究
海洋规划为管理者提供了评估环境、社会、经济、文化和管理因素之间权衡的机会。及早将流动受保护物种的考虑纳入海洋规划,可减少未来发生资源冲突的可能性。在早期规划阶段,考虑到潜在冲突的透明度和问题解决方案,有助于减少争议,提高许可的效率,也可以减少项目设计和实施期间的诉讼挑战。从大面积开始,例如海洋能源管理局(BOEM)最初在美国墨西哥湾联邦水域的1210万公顷的呼叫区域,为确定最终海上风电租赁销售的合适区域提供了大量的地理范围,也旨在最大限度地减少多种资源和用途之间的冲突。方法为支持该大型活动的海洋规划,建立了一个用于物种间相对比较的保护物种状况和趋势的通用评分系统。根据美国《濒危物种法》或《海洋哺乳动物保护法》所列物种的空间数据进行了汇总。根据物种状态和趋势对物种层进行评分。计算了23个物种群的累积脆弱性,这些物种群的分布重叠在BOEM提出的最终租赁销售的合适区域,称为风能区(WEAs)。将这一综合保护物种数据层整合到更广泛的墨西哥湾WEA海洋规划过程中,有助于将潜在的受保护物种冲突减少70%。结论该方法可直接适用于美国国内其他正在考虑的WEAs,并可转移到各种海洋空间规划应用中。
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来源期刊
Marine and Coastal Fisheries
Marine and Coastal Fisheries FISHERIES-MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY
CiteScore
3.40
自引率
5.90%
发文量
40
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: Marine and Coastal Fisheries: Dynamics, Management, and Ecosystem Science publishes original and innovative research that synthesizes information on biological organization across spatial and temporal scales to promote ecologically sound fisheries science and management. This open-access, online journal published by the American Fisheries Society provides an international venue for studies of marine, coastal, and estuarine fisheries, with emphasis on species'' performance and responses to perturbations in their environment, and promotes the development of ecosystem-based fisheries science and management.
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