Thermotics As an Alternative Nonequilibrium Thermodynamic Approach Suitable for Real Thermoanalytical Measurements: A Short Review

IF 4.3 3区 工程技术 Q1 MECHANICS Journal of Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics Pub Date : 2022-03-30 DOI:10.1515/jnet-2021-0074
J. Šesták, R. Černý
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引用次数: 3

Abstract

Abstract The general concept of temperature is thermodynamically defined in equilibrium somehow predictable even for non-equilibrium; however, it presents some still controversial aspects, as has been shown in a number of studies and reviews that have been published so far. Equilibrium concepts are often extrapolated to apply in micro-localized equilibrium and then appended to non-equilibrium in its entirety, which helps to define out-of-equilibrium temperature on both the macroscopic and microscopic bases. Unfortunately, these theoretical analyses do not provide any guidance on how to assess and understand temperature in practical measurements, such as for conventional thermal analysis. Insufficient use of alternative thermodynamic attitudes is evident especially in the field of thermophysical studies, which do not use static measurements, because they usually involve heating from an external source, i. e., the effect of thermal dynamics on the laboratory sample. This paper presents the applied nonequilibrium thermodynamic concept, historically known as thermotics. This approach takes into account the existence of gradients and heat fluxes, which it assesses from the point of view of the average user, and considers additional influences, going beyond the description of thermodynamics in traditional textbooks. The goal is to extend their validity, even to the state of constant first-time derivatives. At the same time, it points to changes in the temperature due to thermal inertia, which has long been ignored, suggesting that the heat spreads immediately. Moreover, special techniques enabling measurements during its extreme changes probably then require an alternative concept for temperature (tempericity). This opinion paper may provide stimuli for further discussion with regard to the practice of measurements done in the customary nonisothermal mode.
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热力学作为一种适用于实际热分析测量的替代非平衡热力学方法:简评
摘要温度的一般概念在热力学上是在平衡状态下定义的,即使在非平衡状态下也是可以预测的;然而,正如迄今为止发表的许多研究和评论所表明的那样,它提出了一些仍然有争议的方面。平衡概念通常被外推应用于微观局部平衡,然后被整体附加到非平衡,这有助于在宏观和微观基础上定义非平衡温度。不幸的是,这些理论分析并没有为如何在实际测量中评估和理解温度提供任何指导,例如传统的热分析。替代热力学态度的使用不足是显而易见的,尤其是在不使用静态测量的热物理研究领域,因为它们通常涉及来自外部来源的加热,即。 e.热动力学对实验室样品的影响。本文提出了应用的非平衡热力学概念,历史上称为热力学。这种方法考虑到了梯度和热通量的存在,它从普通用户的角度进行了评估,并考虑了额外的影响,超出了传统教科书中对热力学的描述。目标是扩展它们的有效性,甚至扩展到一阶导数不变的状态。同时,它指出了长期以来被忽视的热惯性导致的温度变化,这表明热量会立即传播。此外,在其极端变化期间进行测量的特殊技术可能需要温度(温度)的替代概念。这篇意见书可能会为进一步讨论在传统非等温模式下进行测量的实践提供激励。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
9.10
自引率
18.20%
发文量
31
审稿时长
1 months
期刊介绍: The Journal of Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics serves as an international publication organ for new ideas, insights and results on non-equilibrium phenomena in science, engineering and related natural systems. The central aim of the journal is to provide a bridge between science and engineering and to promote scientific exchange on a) newly observed non-equilibrium phenomena, b) analytic or numeric modeling for their interpretation, c) vanguard methods to describe non-equilibrium phenomena. Contributions should – among others – present novel approaches to analyzing, modeling and optimizing processes of engineering relevance such as transport processes of mass, momentum and energy, separation of fluid phases, reproduction of living cells, or energy conversion. The journal is particularly interested in contributions which add to the basic understanding of non-equilibrium phenomena in science and engineering, with systems of interest ranging from the macro- to the nano-level. The Journal of Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics has recently expanded its scope to place new emphasis on theoretical and experimental investigations of non-equilibrium phenomena in thermophysical, chemical, biochemical and abstract model systems of engineering relevance. We are therefore pleased to invite submissions which present newly observed non-equilibrium phenomena, analytic or fuzzy models for their interpretation, or new methods for their description.
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