Mandarin adaptations of voiced alveolar fricative [z] in English loanwords

Wei Wang
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Abstract

This paper explores the adaptation of English voiced fricative [z]E into Mandarin. The principal findings are that the adaptation of [z]E depends on its position in the source word. If [z]E occupies the word initial or middle position, it tends to be borrowed as Mandarin [ts]M or [s]M. If [z]E is in the ending position, more variations would be observed as it may correspond to [ts]M, [s]M, [ʈʂ]M or [ʂ]M. Moreover, adapting [z]E into Mandarin is also heavily influenced by the orthography. The English [z]E can be spelled with or . The letters of and are also listed in Mandarin Pinyin, a Romanization system that transcribes the sounds of Chinese characters using Roman alphabets. Specifically, is pronounced as [s]M, while [z] is pronounced as [ts]M. It turns out that [s]M sounds different from [z]E, while [ts]M is perceptually similar to [z]E. Generally, there emerged two major adaptation patterns, that is, [z]E  [ts]M and [z]E  [s]M. The latter is based on the spelling similarity, rather than perceptual similarity. It is therefore concluded that the loanword adaptation is not only determined by the speech perception, phonology and legitimacy of sound structures, but also systematically interfered with the orthography, that is, the source-loan spelling similarity.
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英语外来词中元音擦音[z]的普通话适应
本文探讨英语浊音擦音[z]E在普通话中的改编。主要发现是[z]E的适应取决于它在源词中的位置。如果[z]E位于单词的首字母或中间位置,它往往会被借用成普通话中的[ts]M或[s]M。如果[z]E在结尾位置,则会观察到更多的变化,因为它可能对应于[ts]M, [s]M, []M或[]M。此外,将[z]E改编成普通话也受到正字法的严重影响。英语中的[z]E可以用or拼写。和的字母也列在普通话拼音中,这是一种用罗马字母转录汉字发音的罗马化系统。具体来说,它的发音是[s]M,而[z]的发音是[ts]M。结果发现[s]M听起来与[z]E不同,而[ts]M在感知上与[z]E相似。总体上出现了[z]E[ts]M和[z]E[s]M两种主要的适应模式。后者是基于拼写相似度,而不是感知相似度。因此,外来词的适应不仅由语音感知、音系和语音结构的合法性决定,而且还系统地干扰了正字法,即源-外来词拼写相似度。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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