Isolation and Identification of Phenolic Profiles in Selected Himalayan Wild Berries and Determination of their Antimicrobial Activity

Abstract

A fundamental source of food and medicine for nearby Himalayan populations is the diversity of plants. The percentage yield of extract, phytochemicals, and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for the extracts Euterpe oleraceae, Vaccinium myrtillu, Phyllanthus embilica, Rubus ellipticus, and Rubus niveus were determined. The clinical and laboratory standards Institute’s micro broth dilution method was used to assess these extracts’ antimicrobial effects on Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, while the purification of the positive extract was done by high-pressure liquid chromatography. Phytochemical analysis was done to determine the secondary plant metabolites, including alkaloids, polyphenols, glycosides, tannins, flavonoids, carbohydrates, steroids, and saponins. All five of the studied plants’ extracts showed antibacterial activity against one or more tested microorganisms. Several phenolic acids (chlorogenic acid, salicylic acid, ellagic acid, ferulic acid, gallic acid, and caffeic acid were detected in all extracts. The R. ellipticus extracts with petroleum ether, chloroform, methanol, and water show a maximum yield between (64–56%) except R. ellipticus extract with hexane (25.82%) showed a low yield. All the extracts have major quantities of carbohydrates, flavonoids, and phenols. These results suggested that produced antimicrobial activity was due to the presence of phytoconstituents in all extracts.