Immune-related neuromuscular junction disorder after immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment

Abstract

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized cancer treatment and prolonged the survival of patients with various malignancies. Nevertheless, the expanded usage of ICIs is associated with increased reports of immune-related adverse events (irAEs), some of which can impair functional outcomes and worsen the prognosis. We present a fatal case of a patient presenting with progressive generalized weakness diagnosed with immune-related neuromuscular junction (NMJ) disorder after nivolumab treatment. By describing this case, we hope to raise awareness of rare irAEs such as immune-related NMJ disorder because prompt intervention is essential to minimize long-term sequelae and improve outcomes.