Remarkably high blue ring occurrence in Estonian Scots pines in 1976 reveals wood anatomical evidence of extreme autumnal cooling

IF 2.1 3区农林科学 Q2 FORESTRY Trees Pub Date : 2022-11-21 DOI:10.1007/s00468-022-02366-1

Ciara Greaves, Alan Crivellaro, Alma Piermattei, Paul J. Krusic, Clive Oppenheimer, Aleksei Potapov, Maris Hordo, Sandra Metslaid, Regino Kask, Ahto Kangur, Ulf Büntgen

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引用次数: 3

Key message

An exceptionally high number of blue rings were formed within and between Scots pine trees from Estonia in 1976: a year that is well known for its outstanding summer heatwave over Western Europe, but its extreme autumnal cooling over Eastern Europe has so far been neglected in scientific literature.

Abstract

‘Blue rings’ (BRs) are visual indicators of less lignified cell walls typically formed towards the end of a tree’s growing season. Though BRs have been associated with ephemeral surface cooling, often following large volcanic eruptions, the intensity of cold spells necessary to produce BRs, as well as the consistency of their formation within and between trees still remains uncertain. Here, we report an exceptionally high BR occurrence within and between Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) trees at two sites in Estonia, including the first published whole-stem analysis for BRs. Daily meteorological measurements from a nearby station allowed us to investigate the role temperature has played in BR formation since the beginning of the twentieth century. The single year in which BRs were consistently formed within and amongst most trees was 1976. While the summer of 1976 is well known for an exceptional heatwave in Northwest Europe, mean September and October temperatures were remarkably low over Eastern Europe, and 3.8 °C below the 1961–1990 mean at our sites. Our findings contribute to a better eco-physiological interpretation of BRs, and further demonstrate their ability to reveal ephemeral cooling not captured by dendrochronological ring width and latewood density measurements.

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1976年，爱沙尼亚苏格兰松树上出现了非常高的蓝环，这揭示了秋季极端降温的木材解剖学证据

1976年，爱沙尼亚的苏格兰松树内部和树木之间形成了数量异常多的蓝环:这一年西欧的夏季酷暑众所周知，但东欧的秋季酷暑却一直被科学文献所忽视。“蓝环”(BRs)是木质化程度较低的细胞壁的视觉指示器，通常在树木生长季节结束时形成。虽然BRs与短暂的地表冷却有关，通常是在大型火山爆发之后，但产生BRs所需的寒冷期的强度以及它们在树木内部和树木之间形成的一致性仍然不确定。在这里，我们报告了爱沙尼亚两个地点的苏格兰松(Pinus sylvestris L.)树木内部和树木之间异常高的BR发生率，包括首次发表的BR全茎分析。附近一个站点的每日气象测量使我们能够研究自20世纪初以来温度在BR形成中所起的作用。在大多数树木内部和树木之间一致形成BRs的单一年份是1976年。1976年夏天，西北欧出现了异常的热浪，而东欧9月和10月的平均气温却非常低，比我们的站点1961-1990年的平均气温低3.8°C。我们的研究结果有助于更好地解释br的生态生理学，并进一步证明它们能够揭示树木年代制环宽度和晚期木材密度测量无法捕捉到的短暂冷却。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Trees 农林科学-林学

CiteScore

4.50

自引率

4.30%

发文量

113

审稿时长

3.8 months

期刊介绍： Trees - Structure and Function publishes original articles on the physiology, biochemistry, functional anatomy, structure and ecology of trees and other woody plants. Also presented are articles concerned with pathology and technological problems, when they contribute to the basic understanding of structure and function of trees. In addition to original articles and short communications, the journal publishes reviews on selected topics concerning the structure and function of trees.