Laboratory Diagnosis of COVID-19

Abstract

SARS-CoV-2 in bats was transmitted to humans by a peridomestic mammal in China and it was transmitted from humans to humans very quickly through coughing and sneezing and is spread all over the world and created coronavirus disease 2019. The disease causes a variety of symptoms in patients and it has killed a significant number of people around the world, especially people with underlying diseases such as heart disease, diabetes, and high blood pressure. Early diagnosis of patients is very important to prevent the transmission of the disease from humans to humans and the spread of the virus. The virus causes abnormal computed tomography scans, lymphopenia, leukopenia, increased C-reactive protein, lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase in a significant number of patients. The standard method for diagnosing SARS-CoV-2 infection is real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction with 2 genes RdRp and E being identified together in 1 experiment. Other methods such as cell culture, reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification, next-generation sequencing, fluorescence in situ hybridization, and antigenic assessment can be used to study and identify the virus. IgG and IgM antibodies against S and N proteins are evaluated to recognize people who have been previously infected with the virus.