Current remedial strategies for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis through the oral route with Janus kinase inhibitors

Abstract

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a well-known chronic inflammatory disease that results in articular degradation, comorbidities, and body part functional loss. In the last two decades, the development of effective biologics and small compounds, such as Janus kinase inhibitors (Jakinibs), has significantly improved clinical outcomes. Low-molecular-weight chemicals known as jakinibs are currently used for effective treatment of RA. Jakinibs are a new class of drugs being developed to treat RA, and several of them are now in different phases of clinical trials to establish their safety and efficacy in humans. Jakinibs can be very different in their selectivity against JAK inhibitors. For an efficient therapy of RA, it is critical to fully comprehend the properties of JAK inhibitors as well as their mechanism of action. Tofacitinib, Baricitinib, Upadacitinib, Peficitinib, Filgotinib, Decernotinib, Itacitinib, Ruxolitinib, and PF-06651600 are a few selective orally active Jakinibs that have entered clinical trials to treat RA. This review aims to elaborate on Jakinibs for the treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RH), including their mechanism of action (MOA), efficacy and safety profiles, clinical trials of adverse effects (AEs) associated with Jakinibs and combination therapy with other DMARDs.