Judean Piracy, Judea and Parthia, and the Roman Annexation of Judea: The Evidence of Pompeius Trogus

Q2 Arts and Humanities Electrum Pub Date : 2022-10-21 DOI:10.4467/20800909el.22.009.15779
K. Atkinson
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Abstract

Pompey the Great’s 63 BCE conquest of the Jewish kingdom known as the Hasmonean State has traditionally been viewed as an inevitable event since the Roman Republic had long desired to annex the Middle Eastern nations. The prevailing consensus is that the Romans captured the Hasmonean state, removed its high-priest kings from power, and made its territory part of the Republic merely through military force. However, Justin’s Epitome of the Philippic Histories of Pompeius Trogus is a neglected source of new information for understanding relations between the Romans and the Jews at this time. Trogus’s brief account of this period alludes to a more specific reason, or at least, circumstance for Pompey’s conquest of Judea. His work contains evidence that the Jews were involved in piracy, of the type the Republic had commissioned Pompey to eradicate. In addition to this activity that adversely affected Roman commercial interests in the Mediterranean, the Jews were also involved with the Seleucid Empire and the Nabatean Arabs, both of whom had dealings with the Parthians. Piracy, coupled with Rome’s antagonism towards the Parthians, negatively impacted the Republic’s attitude towards the Jews. Considering the evidence from Trogus, Roman fears of Jewish piracy and Jewish links to the Republic’s Parthian enemies were not unfounded.
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犹太海盗,犹太和帕提亚,以及罗马对犹太的吞并:庞培特罗古斯的证据
庞培大帝在公元前63年征服了被称为哈斯莫内国家的犹太王国,传统上被视为不可避免的事件,因为罗马共和国长期以来一直希望吞并中东国家。普遍的共识是,罗马人占领了哈斯莫内国家,剥夺了其大祭司国王的权力,并仅通过军事力量使其领土成为共和国的一部分。然而,贾斯廷的庞贝-特罗格斯菲律宾历史墓志是一个被忽视的新信息来源,用于理解此时罗马人和犹太人之间的关系。特罗格斯对这一时期的简要描述暗示了庞培征服朱迪亚的一个更具体的原因,或者至少是环境。他的作品包含了犹太人参与海盗活动的证据,这是共和国委托庞培铲除的类型。除了这一活动对罗马在地中海的商业利益产生了不利影响外,犹太人还参与了塞琉古帝国和纳巴特阿拉伯人的活动,他们都与帕提亚人有往来。海盗行为,加上罗马对帕提亚人的敌意,对共和国对犹太人的态度产生了负面影响。考虑到特罗格斯的证据,罗马人对犹太海盗的恐惧以及犹太人与共和国帕提亚敌人的联系并非没有根据。
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来源期刊
Electrum
Electrum Arts and Humanities-Classics
CiteScore
0.70
自引率
0.00%
发文量
30
期刊介绍: Electrum has been published since 1997 by the Department of Ancient History at the Jagiellonian University in Cracow as a collection of papers and monographs. In 2010 it starts as journal with one monographic issue per year. Journal publishes scholarly papers embodying studies in history and culture of Greece, Rome and Near East from the beginning of the First Millennium BC to about AD 400. Contributions are written in English, German, French and Italian. The journal publishes books reviews.
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