Quantifying wetness variability in aapa mires with Sentinel‐2: towards improved monitoring of an EU priority habitat

IF 3.9 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY Remote Sensing in Ecology and Conservation Pub Date : 2023-08-18 DOI:10.1002/rse2.363
Tytti Jussila, R. Heikkinen, S. Anttila, K. Aapala, M. Kervinen, J. Aalto, P. Vihervaara
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Abstract

Aapa mires are waterlogged northern peatland ecosystems characterized by a patterned surface structure where water‐filled depressions (‘flarks’) alternate with drier hummock strings. As one of the EU Habitat Directive priority habitats, aapa mires are important for biodiversity and carbon cycling, harbouring several red‐listed species and supporting unique species communities. Due to their sensitivity to hydrological disturbances, reliable, up‐to‐date and systematic information on the hydrological condition and responses of mires is crucial and required for multiple purposes ranging from carbon exchange modelling to EU Habitats Directive reporting and conservation and ecosystem restoration planning. Here, we demonstrate the usability of Sentinel‐2 satellite data in a semi‐automatic cloud‐based approach to retrieve large‐scale information on aapa mire hydrological variability. Two satellite‐derived metrics, soil moisture index and the extent of water‐saturated surfaces based on pixel‐wise classification, are used to quantify monthly and interannual wetness variation between 2017 and 2020 across Natura 2000 aapa mires in Finland, including responses to the extreme drought of 2018. The results revealed high temporal variability in wetness, particularly in the southern parts of the aapa mire zone and generally in the late summer months interannually. Observations from the drought summer showed that one third of usually year‐round wet flark surfaces may be exposed to drying during climatic extremes. Responses varied between sites and regions, implicating the significance of environmental factors for drought resistance: some sites maintained high levels of moisture, whereas others lost wet surfaces completely. Our study provides the first comprehensive national‐level representation of seasonal and interannual wetness variability and drought‐sensitivity of pristine aapa mire sites. The approach and methods used here can be directly upscaled outside protected areas and to other EU countries. Thus, they provide a means for harmonized, systematic large‐scale monitoring of this priority habitat, as well as valuable information for other applications supporting peatland conservation and research.
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用Sentinel‐2量化aapa沼泽的湿度变异性:改进对欧盟优先生境的监测
Aapa mires是被水淹没的北部泥炭地生态系统,其特征是有图案的表面结构,充满水的洼地(“百灵鸟”)与干燥的鹰嘴豆串交替出现。作为欧盟《生境指令》的优先栖息地之一,aapa mires对生物多样性和碳循环具有重要意义,拥有几个红色名录物种,并支持独特的物种群落。由于其对水文扰动的敏感性,从碳交换建模到欧盟栖息地指令报告、保护和生态系统恢复规划,关于沼泽水文条件和响应的可靠、最新和系统信息至关重要,是多种用途所必需的。在这里,我们展示了Sentinel‐2卫星数据在半自动基于云的方法中的可用性,以检索关于aapa沼泽水文变化的大规模信息。两个卫星衍生的指标,土壤湿度指数和基于像素分类的水饱和表面程度,用于量化2017年至2020年间芬兰Natura 2000 aapa mires的月度和年际湿度变化,包括对2018年极端干旱的响应。结果表明,湿度的时间变化很大,特别是在aapa沼泽地带的南部,通常在夏末的几个月里。干旱夏季的观测表明,在极端气候条件下,三分之一的通常全年潮湿的亚麻表面可能会暴露在干燥中。不同地点和地区的反应各不相同,这表明环境因素对抗旱性的重要性:一些地点保持着高水平的水分,而另一些则完全失去了潮湿的表面。我们的研究首次在国家层面上全面反映了原始aapa沼泽地的季节和年际湿度变化和干旱敏感性。这里使用的方法和方法可以在保护区之外直接推广到其他欧盟国家。因此,它们为协调、系统地大规模监测这一优先栖息地提供了一种手段,并为支持泥炭地保护和研究的其他应用提供了宝贵的信息。
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来源期刊
Remote Sensing in Ecology and Conservation
Remote Sensing in Ecology and Conservation Earth and Planetary Sciences-Computers in Earth Sciences
CiteScore
9.80
自引率
5.50%
发文量
69
审稿时长
18 weeks
期刊介绍: emote Sensing in Ecology and Conservation provides a forum for rapid, peer-reviewed publication of novel, multidisciplinary research at the interface between remote sensing science and ecology and conservation. The journal prioritizes findings that advance the scientific basis of ecology and conservation, promoting the development of remote-sensing based methods relevant to the management of land use and biological systems at all levels, from populations and species to ecosystems and biomes. The journal defines remote sensing in its broadest sense, including data acquisition by hand-held and fixed ground-based sensors, such as camera traps and acoustic recorders, and sensors on airplanes and satellites. The intended journal’s audience includes ecologists, conservation scientists, policy makers, managers of terrestrial and aquatic systems, remote sensing scientists, and students. Remote Sensing in Ecology and Conservation is a fully open access journal from Wiley and the Zoological Society of London. Remote sensing has enormous potential as to provide information on the state of, and pressures on, biological diversity and ecosystem services, at multiple spatial and temporal scales. This new publication provides a forum for multidisciplinary research in remote sensing science, ecological research and conservation science.
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