Recent advancement in breast cancer treatment using CAR T cell therapy:- A review

Abstract

Breast Cancer arises to be the most diagnosed cancer type in recent decades. It ranks to be the most vulnerable among women in terms of incidence and mortality. In 2020, 2.3 million women were diagnosed with breast cancer, and 6.85 lacs of death were reported globally. Here, we will focus mainly on TNBC, the most complicated breast cancer subtype. Therefore, novel treatment modalities are urgently required. Treatments like chemotherapy and radiotherapy limit the efficacy of therapeutic outcomes. Thus, new specific ideas are coming up to find a way out. For triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), which is currently the most complex and challenging breast cancer subtype to treat, chemotherapy is still the standard of care. There has been a lot of study into novel treatments for people with TNBC because of its poor prognosis and the high chance of clinical recurrence. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell-based immunotherapy directs the patient's immune system to recognize and eradicate tumor cells that express tumor-associated antigens (TAAs). It opens up a new area of research. Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR-T) cell therapy is an immunotherapy type derived from adoptive T cell relocation. CAR-T cells are well equipped with specific antibodies to identify antigens in self-tumor cells, thus bringing out cytotoxic outcomes. CARs are the modified receptors with improved specificity and responsiveness to intensify the recognition of cancer cells. The therapeutic effects of CAR-T cell treatment, including breast cancer, have not lived up to expectations in solid tumors despite recent triumphs in treating hematologic malignancies. In this review, we will discuss some recent developments in the field of breast cancer-specific immunotherapy using CAR-T.