{"title":"Precision Nutrition for Cardiovascular Diseases Prevention","authors":"L. Desjardins, M. Vohl","doi":"10.1159/000529054","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of death globally, making their prevention a major challenge for modern society. For decades, treatments aimed at reducing CVD risk factors through nutritional recommendations and medications have had variable success. One of the main reasons behind this is the interindividual variability in response to drugs and nutritional interventions. The development of genomics has allowed the discovery of genetic variants influencing drug and food response, leading to more personalized treatments in the form of precision medicine and precision nutrition. The latter is based on the principle that one diet does not fit all and the need to stratify individuals into subgroups based on their response to nutrients. Despite showing great promise in pushing forward the field of nutrition, health professionals have very little knowledge of precision nutrition, even though the general population is showing interest in more personalized nutritional guidance.\n\nSummary: This review aims to provide an overview of key sources of interindividual variability observed in CVD risk factors in response to nutritional interventions. Despite some limitations, genetic testing is a mature predictive tool that should be at the forefront of tailored nutrition recommendations for CVD prevention. Although the epigenome-diet relationship shows great promise, it is still too early in its development to allow for its clinical deployment. Metabolomics has the potential to enhance genetic testing by complementing traditional self-reported dietary intake instruments as well as a very promising metabotyping method. Microbiome phenotyping, despite its complexity, provides a wealth of information on the health status of the host and its response to nutrients. Finally, current applications are discussed and an outline of the required steps for a successful implementation of precision nutrition in clinical practice as a tool for CVD prevention is presented.\n\nKey Messages: Precision nutrition is the cornerstone of a promising approach offering targeted nutritional recommendations for CVD prevention.\n","PeriodicalId":18030,"journal":{"name":"Lifestyle Genomics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0000,"publicationDate":"2023-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"1","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Lifestyle Genomics","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000529054","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"GENETICS & HEREDITY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Abstract
Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of death globally, making their prevention a major challenge for modern society. For decades, treatments aimed at reducing CVD risk factors through nutritional recommendations and medications have had variable success. One of the main reasons behind this is the interindividual variability in response to drugs and nutritional interventions. The development of genomics has allowed the discovery of genetic variants influencing drug and food response, leading to more personalized treatments in the form of precision medicine and precision nutrition. The latter is based on the principle that one diet does not fit all and the need to stratify individuals into subgroups based on their response to nutrients. Despite showing great promise in pushing forward the field of nutrition, health professionals have very little knowledge of precision nutrition, even though the general population is showing interest in more personalized nutritional guidance.
Summary: This review aims to provide an overview of key sources of interindividual variability observed in CVD risk factors in response to nutritional interventions. Despite some limitations, genetic testing is a mature predictive tool that should be at the forefront of tailored nutrition recommendations for CVD prevention. Although the epigenome-diet relationship shows great promise, it is still too early in its development to allow for its clinical deployment. Metabolomics has the potential to enhance genetic testing by complementing traditional self-reported dietary intake instruments as well as a very promising metabotyping method. Microbiome phenotyping, despite its complexity, provides a wealth of information on the health status of the host and its response to nutrients. Finally, current applications are discussed and an outline of the required steps for a successful implementation of precision nutrition in clinical practice as a tool for CVD prevention is presented.
Key Messages: Precision nutrition is the cornerstone of a promising approach offering targeted nutritional recommendations for CVD prevention.
期刊介绍:
Lifestyle Genomics aims to provide a forum for highlighting new advances in the broad area of lifestyle-gene interactions and their influence on health and disease. The journal welcomes novel contributions that investigate how genetics may influence a person’s response to lifestyle factors, such as diet and nutrition, natural health products, physical activity, and sleep, amongst others. Additionally, contributions examining how lifestyle factors influence the expression/abundance of genes, proteins and metabolites in cell and animal models as well as in humans are also of interest. The journal will publish high-quality original research papers, brief research communications, reviews outlining timely advances in the field, and brief research methods pertaining to lifestyle genomics. It will also include a unique section under the heading “Market Place” presenting articles of companies active in the area of lifestyle genomics. Research articles will undergo rigorous scientific as well as statistical/bioinformatic review to ensure excellence.