{"title":"Critical Review of Engineered Nanoparticles: Environmental Concentrations and Toxicity","authors":"Jejal Reddy Bathi, Laura Wright, Eakalak Khan","doi":"10.1007/s40726-022-00237-4","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose of Review</h3><p>The increasing use of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) has led to growing concerns about their environmental impacts. It has become a focus for researchers to explore their detection, quantification, as well as their fate and transport, and hence their ecotoxicity. A review of recent findings sets a basis for current knowledge of ENP levels in the surface water environment and provides a perspective to understand their toxicity.</p><h3>Recent Findings</h3><p>Among the various mechanisms of toxicity that have been evidenced by recent research, an important mechanism that is shared by multiple ENPs is the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and subsequent oxidative stress. Another common toxic effect is cell membrane damage from physical encounters or ENPs adsorbing onto the membrane. The ecotoxicity of ENPs is dependent on many factors; however, the ENP’s physiochemical characteristics and functional behavior are two main groups. Additionally, the chemical composition and charge of ENPs are greatly influencing their toxicity.</p><h3>Summary</h3><p>A critical overview of updated knowledge on the regulatory standards, environmental detection, and aquatic fate and ecotoxicity of ENPs with a special focus on the most environmentally affluent nanosized titanium dioxide (n-TiO<sub>2</sub>), cerium dioxide (n-CeO<sub>2</sub>), zinc oxide (n-ZnO), silicon dioxide (SiO<sub>2</sub>), silver (n-Ag), and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is presented in this article. Among the ENPs reviewed, n-Ag and n-TiO<sub>2</sub> are more studied and the most ecotoxic; n-Ag dissociates into cations (Ag +) causing significant harm to organisms and cells, while light and pH notably influence the toxicity of n-TiO<sub>2</sub>.\n</p></div>","PeriodicalId":528,"journal":{"name":"Current Pollution Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.4000,"publicationDate":"2022-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40726-022-00237-4.pdf","citationCount":"6","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Current Pollution Reports","FirstCategoryId":"93","ListUrlMain":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40726-022-00237-4","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
Abstract
Purpose of Review
The increasing use of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) has led to growing concerns about their environmental impacts. It has become a focus for researchers to explore their detection, quantification, as well as their fate and transport, and hence their ecotoxicity. A review of recent findings sets a basis for current knowledge of ENP levels in the surface water environment and provides a perspective to understand their toxicity.
Recent Findings
Among the various mechanisms of toxicity that have been evidenced by recent research, an important mechanism that is shared by multiple ENPs is the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and subsequent oxidative stress. Another common toxic effect is cell membrane damage from physical encounters or ENPs adsorbing onto the membrane. The ecotoxicity of ENPs is dependent on many factors; however, the ENP’s physiochemical characteristics and functional behavior are two main groups. Additionally, the chemical composition and charge of ENPs are greatly influencing their toxicity.
Summary
A critical overview of updated knowledge on the regulatory standards, environmental detection, and aquatic fate and ecotoxicity of ENPs with a special focus on the most environmentally affluent nanosized titanium dioxide (n-TiO2), cerium dioxide (n-CeO2), zinc oxide (n-ZnO), silicon dioxide (SiO2), silver (n-Ag), and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is presented in this article. Among the ENPs reviewed, n-Ag and n-TiO2 are more studied and the most ecotoxic; n-Ag dissociates into cations (Ag +) causing significant harm to organisms and cells, while light and pH notably influence the toxicity of n-TiO2.
期刊介绍:
Current Pollution Reports provides in-depth review articles contributed by international experts on the most significant developments in the field of environmental pollution.By presenting clear, insightful, balanced reviews that emphasize recently published papers of major importance, the journal elucidates current and emerging approaches to identification, characterization, treatment, management of pollutants and much more.