Investigation of Internet Addiction, Cyberbullying, and Cyber Victimization in Adolescents During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Their Relationship with Anxiety and Depression

Abstract

Introduction: The present study examined the problems of internet addiction (IA) and cyberbullying in the use of digital technology, which has become the most important part of adolescents' lives during the pandemic period. These cyber problems are discussed in the context of their relationship with anxiety/depression. Methods: Adolescents (n=111, female 67%, male 33%) aged 11-18 years (mean: 13.7 +/- 2.05) were included in the study. Internet Addiction scale (IAS), Cyberbullying scale (CBS), Cyberbullying Sensibility scale (CBSS), Cyber Victimization scale (CVS), and Revised child anxiety/depression scale-child version (RCADS-CV) scales were used. The scales were filled out online twice according to the participants' situations before and during the pandemic. Results: The IAS, CBS, and CBSS scores were significantly higher during the pandemic period (respectively: z=-7,227, p<0.001, z=-2,623, p=0.009, z=-2,382, p=0.017). There was no significant difference in the CVS scores (p=0.326). The IAS, CVS, and CBSS scores were associated with RCADS-CV scores. The CBS scores showed a correlation with panic and social anxiety scores. Conclusion: The findings indicate that the pandemic has negatively affected the behaviors of adolescents in cyberspace in terms of IAS and CBS. Moreover, anxiety and depression symptoms were associated with risky cyber behaviors such as addiction and bullying in cyberspace. Considering that adolescents are among the most important actors in the cyber world, they should be supervised and psychosocially supported in terms of increased cyber risks and anxiety and depression in a global stress period such as a pandemic.