The Primacy of Economic Power: State-Led Privatization and the Dissolution of the Czech and Slovak Federative Republic, 1990–1992

IF 0.2 Q2 HISTORY East Central Europe Pub Date : 2019-11-22 DOI:10.1163/18763308-04602002
M. Guzmán
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Abstract

This historical and comparative analysis shows that neoliberal economic policy creating a domestic private sector triggered a series of events that culminated with the dissolution of post-communist Czechoslovakia in 1992. Placing primary emphasis on neoliberal economic reform, this research departs from existing accounts of the breakup positing ideological differences between Czech and Slovak elites or preexisting regional economic structures as the primary factors behind the dissolution. As neoliberal policies took place through the entire federation, an unexpected boom in tourism in Prague fostered the creation of a service sector catering to visitors, lowering the capital’s unemployment rate. Outside of Prague, neoliberal policy failed to alleviate the economic crisis. As federal economic policies failed to resolve mounting economic problems in Slovakia, particularly unemployment, the perception that federal policies did not fit regional needs gained salience. By 1992, whereas parties calling for the perpetuation of the federation lost popular support, separatist political parties gained the majority of seats in both regional parliaments, leading to the dissolution of the federation.
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经济权力至上:国家主导的私有化和捷克斯洛伐克联邦共和国的解体,1990-1992
这一历史和比较分析表明,创造国内私营部门的新自由主义经济政策引发了一系列事件,最终导致1992年后共产主义捷克斯洛伐克的解体。本研究将主要重点放在新自由主义经济改革上,与将捷克和斯洛伐克精英之间的意识形态差异或先前存在的区域经济结构作为解体背后的主要因素的现有分裂描述不同。随着新自由主义政策在整个联邦实施,布拉格旅游业的意外繁荣催生了一个迎合游客的服务业,降低了首都的失业率。在布拉格之外,新自由主义政策未能缓解经济危机。由于联邦经济政策未能解决斯洛伐克日益严重的经济问题,特别是失业问题,联邦政策不符合区域需要的看法变得更加突出。到1992年,虽然要求维持联邦的政党失去了民众的支持,但分离主义政党在两个地区议会中获得了多数席位,导致联邦解散。
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23
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