Analysis of genetic determination of partial resistance to white rot in sunflower

Abstract

Abstract Sunflower is usually affected by white rot (WR), a disease produced by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Thus, breeders select WR resistant hybrids by means of field experiments replicated in different environments. The WR selection will be effective when the correlation between the phenotype and the set of genes controlling the trait is high. This study aimed to estimate the relationship between the genotype and phenotype for components of WR partial resistance in hybrids. Also, the genotypic merit of these hybrids is estimated to determine their value in breeding programs. To this end, 37 cultivars were used during three years in Balcarce (southeast of Buenos Aires Province, AR). Plants were inoculated with S. sclerotiorum in their capitula. The WR variables evaluated were the relative incubation period (RIP), the daily lesion growth (DLG) and the relative DLG. By using transformed data, the degree of genetic determination (DGD) reached values of 0.78 (RIP), 0.63 (relative DLG) and 0.35 (DLG). Although all error variances and their relative contributions to the total variance had the highest values, the DGD values for RIP and relative DLG were higher than those reported in the bibliography. The best linear unbiased predictors (BLUPs) detected six hybrids with most suitable genetic merit for RIP and relative DLG. The BLUP correlation coefficient suggested that resistance genes involved in RIP and relative DLG were not the same. Thus, these genes could be used simultaneously to develop new sunflower hybrids with more complex WR resistance.