An Investigation into the Role of Tourism Growth, Conventional Energy Consumption and Real Income on Ecological Footprint Nexus in France

Marymagdaline Enowmbi Tarkang, Fetus Fatai Adedoyin, F. Bekun
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Abstract

Previously documented studies in the literature on how tourism leads to economic growth in the form of tourism-led growth hypotheses (TLGH) has been investigated. This study presents a new perspective on the growth of tourism by considering its impact on conventional energy consumption, real income level, and emission via the channel of globalization. Sequences of econometric tests were conducted to validate the hypothesized claims between tourism development and growth impact on conventional energy consumption and pollution proxy by ecological footprints, globalization GDP per capita, biocapacity, and tourists for the case of France. Empirical evidence from the Granger causality test presents a uni-directional causality from ecological footprints to GDP per capita and from biocapacity to ecological footprints. The correlation matrix shows interrelation amongst series with biocapacity significantly correlating with ecological footprints with tourist’s arrival having a positive correlation with ecological footprints and a negative one with biocapacity. GPD per capita was found to positively affect the ecological footprints and have a negative correlation with biocapacity and a significant relationship with tourists' arrivals. Additionally, globalization exerts a positive impact on ecological footprints, and its effect on biocapacity was found to be negative although globalization's effect on tourists’ arrivals and per capita GDP is significant. The ARDL estimation indicated biocapacity as a neutral agent for ecological footprints, tourist arrivals having a negative impact on ecological footprints, and globalization significantly affecting ecological footprints. From these findings, it is evident that tourism growth has a significant impact on energy consumption and pollution. Policy recommendations were also provided in this study accordingly. 
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法国旅游增长、传统能源消费和实际收入对生态足迹关系的影响研究
文献中先前记录的关于旅游业如何以旅游业主导的增长假说(TLGH)的形式导致经济增长的研究已经进行了调查。本研究通过考虑旅游业对传统能源消费、实际收入水平和全球化渠道排放的影响,为旅游业的增长提供了一个新的视角。进行了一系列计量经济学测试,以验证法国旅游业发展和增长对传统能源消耗的影响以及生态足迹、全球化人均GDP、生物能力和游客对污染的影响之间的假设主张。格兰杰因果关系检验的经验证据表明,从生态足迹到人均GDP,从生物能力到生态足迹,存在单向因果关系。相关矩阵显示了与生态足迹显著相关的生物容量序列之间的相互关系,游客到达与生态足迹呈正相关,与生物容量负相关。人均GPD对生态足迹有正向影响,与生物容量呈负相关,与游客到达量呈显著关系。此外,全球化对生态足迹产生了积极影响,对生物容量的影响是负面的,尽管全球化对游客到达量和人均GDP的影响是显著的。ARDL估计表明,生物容量是生态足迹的中性因素,游客对生态足迹有负面影响,全球化对生态足迹产生重大影响。从这些发现中可以明显看出,旅游业的增长对能源消耗和污染有着重大影响。本研究还相应地提出了政策建议。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
4.50
自引率
16.00%
发文量
83
审稿时长
8 weeks
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