Evaluating the impact of enhanced horizontal resolution over the Antarctic domain using a variable-resolution Earth system model

IF 4.4 2区 地球科学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL Cryosphere Pub Date : 2023-09-06 DOI:10.5194/tc-17-3847-2023
R. Datta, A. Herrington, J. Lenaerts, D. Schneider, Luke Trusel, Ziqiang Yin, D. Dunmire
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Abstract

Abstract. Earth system models are essential tools for understanding the impacts of a warming world, particularly on the contribution of polar ice sheets to sea level change. However, current models lack full coupling of the ice sheets to the ocean and are typically run at a coarse resolution (1∘ grid spacing or coarser). Coarse spatial resolution is particularly a problem over Antarctica, where sub-grid-scale orography is well-known to influence precipitation fields, and glacier models require high-resolution atmospheric inputs. This resolution limitation has been partially addressed by regional climate models (RCMs), which must be forced at their lateral and ocean surface boundaries by (usually coarser) global atmospheric datasets, However, RCMs fail to capture the two-way coupling between the regional domain and the global climate system. Conversely, running high-spatial-resolution models globally is computationally expensive and can produce vast amounts of data. Alternatively, variable-resolution grids can retain the benefits of high resolution over a specified domain without the computational costs of running at a high resolution globally. Here we evaluate a historical simulation of the Community Earth System Model version 2 (CESM2) implementing the spectral element (SE) numerical dynamical core (VR-CESM2) with an enhanced-horizontal-resolution (0.25∘) grid over the Antarctic Ice Sheet and the surrounding Southern Ocean; the rest of the global domain is on the standard 1∘ grid. We compare it to 1∘ model runs of CESM2 using both the SE dynamical core and the standard finite-volume (FV) dynamical core, both with identical physics and forcing, including prescribed sea surface temperatures (SSTs) and sea ice concentrations from observations. Our evaluation reveals both improvements and degradations in VR-CESM2 performance relative to the 1∘ CESM2. Surface mass balance estimates are slightly higher but within 1 standard deviation of the ensemble mean, except for over the Antarctic Peninsula, which is impacted by better-resolved surface topography. Temperature and wind estimates are improved over both the near surface and aloft, although the overall correction of a cold bias (within the 1∘ CESM2 runs) has resulted in temperatures which are too high over the interior of the ice sheet. The major degradations include the enhancement of surface melt as well as excessive cloud liquid water over the ocean, with resultant impacts on the surface radiation budget. Despite these changes, VR-CESM2 is a valuable tool for the analysis of precipitation and surface mass balance and thus constraining estimates of sea level rise associated with the Antarctic Ice Sheet.
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利用变分辨率地球系统模式评估水平分辨率增强对南极域的影响
摘要地球系统模型是理解世界变暖影响的重要工具,特别是对极性片对海平面变化的贡献。然而,目前的模型缺乏冰盖与海洋的完全耦合,通常以粗略的分辨率(1∘网格间距或更粗糙)运行。粗略的空间分辨率在南极洲尤其是一个问题,众所周知,子网格尺度的地形会影响降水场,冰川模型需要高分辨率的大气输入。区域气候模型(RCM)已经部分解决了这一分辨率限制问题,必须通过(通常更粗糙的)全球大气数据集在其横向和海洋表面边界强制执行。然而,区域气候模型未能捕捉到区域域和全球气候系统之间的双向耦合。相反,在全球范围内运行高空间分辨率模型的计算成本很高,并且可以产生大量数据。或者,可变分辨率网格可以在指定域上保留高分辨率的优势,而无需在全局范围内以高分辨率运行的计算成本。在这里,我们评估了社区地球系统模型版本2(CESM2)的历史模拟,该模型在南极冰盖和周围的南大洋上实现了具有增强水平分辨率(0.25∘)网格的谱元(SE)数值动力核心(VR-CESM2);全局域的其余部分位于标准的1∘网格上。我们将其与使用SE动力核心和标准有限体积(FV)动力核心的CESM2的1∘模型运行进行了比较,这两种动力核心都具有相同的物理和强迫,包括来自观测的规定海面温度(SST)和海冰浓度。我们的评估揭示了VR-CESM2性能相对于1∘CESM2的改进和退化。表面质量平衡估计值略高,但在集合平均值的1个标准偏差内,南极半岛除外,因为南极半岛受到分辨率更好的表面地形的影响。尽管对冷偏的总体校正(在1∘CESM2运行范围内)导致冰盖内部温度过高,但近表面和高空的温度和风速估计都有所改善。主要的降解包括表面融化的增强以及海洋上空过多的云液态水,从而影响了表面辐射预算。尽管有这些变化,VR-CESM2仍然是分析降水和地表质量平衡的可用工具,从而限制了对与南极冰盖相关的海平面上升的估计。
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来源期刊
Cryosphere
Cryosphere GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL-GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY
CiteScore
8.70
自引率
17.30%
发文量
240
审稿时长
4-8 weeks
期刊介绍: The Cryosphere (TC) is a not-for-profit international scientific journal dedicated to the publication and discussion of research articles, short communications, and review papers on all aspects of frozen water and ground on Earth and on other planetary bodies. The main subject areas are the following: ice sheets and glaciers; planetary ice bodies; permafrost and seasonally frozen ground; seasonal snow cover; sea ice; river and lake ice; remote sensing, numerical modelling, in situ and laboratory studies of the above and including studies of the interaction of the cryosphere with the rest of the climate system.
期刊最新文献
Greenland and Canadian Arctic ice temperature profiles database The stability of present-day Antarctic grounding lines – Part 2: Onset of irreversible retreat of Amundsen Sea glaciers under current climate on centennial timescales cannot be excluded The stability of present-day Antarctic grounding lines – Part 1: No indication of marine ice sheet instability in the current geometry Phase-field models of floe fracture in sea ice Relevance of warm air intrusions for Arctic satellite sea ice concentration time series
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