A revision of Ophidiaster davidsoni de Loriol and Pellat 1874 from the Tithonian of Boulogne (France) and its transfer from the Valvatacea to the new forcipulatacean genus Psammaster gen. nov.

IF 1.9 4区地球科学 Q1 PALEONTOLOGY Fossil Record Pub Date : 2020-07-28 DOI:10.5194/fr-23-141-2020

M. Fau, L. Villier, T. Ewin, A. Gale

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Abstract

Abstract. Forcipulatacea is one of the three major groups of extant sea stars (Asteroidea: Echinodermata), composed of 400 extant species, but only known from fewer than 25 fossil species. Despite unequivocal members being recognized in the early Jurassic, the evolutionary history of this group is still the subject of debate. Thus, the identification of any new fossil representatives is significant. We here reappraise Ophidiaster davidsoni de Loriol and Pellat 1874 from the Tithonian of Boulogne, France, which was assigned to another major extant group, the Valvatacea, and reassign it within a new forcipulatacean genus, Psammaster gen. nov. Psammaster davidsoni gen. nov. possess key Forcipulatacea synapomorphies including compressed ambulacrals and adambulacrals and typical organization of the body wall and arm ossicles. A phylogenetic analysis including Psammaster davidsoni gen. nov. does not place it within any existing forcipulatacean family. Instead, Psammaster davidsoni gen. nov. exhibits a mix of plesiomorphic and derived characters and is resolved as a sister clade to a large group including the Asteriidae, Stichasteridae, and Heliasteridae. Removal of this species from the Ophidiasteridae means their oldest fossil representative now dates from the Santonian, Upper Cretaceous.

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1874年布洛涅（法国）的提香对Ophidister davidsoni de Loriol和Pellat的修订及其从Valvatacea转移到Psammaster gen.nov。

摘要Forcepulatacea是三大类外来恒星之一（小行星：棘皮动物门），由400个现存物种组成，但已知的化石物种不到25个。尽管早在侏罗纪早期就已经确认了明确的成员，但该类群的进化史仍然是争论的主题。因此，任何新化石代表的鉴定都是重要的。在这里，我们重新评估了1874年法国布洛涅的提香属的Ophidister davidsoni de Loriol和Pellat，该属被分配到另一个主要的现存类群Valvatacea，并将其重新分配到一个新的珊瑚属Psammaster gen.nov.中。Psamster davidsoni gen.nov.具有关键的动力肌形态，包括受压的Ambulacras和Adambulcras，以及体壁和臂小骨的典型组织。包括Psamster davidsoni gen.nov.在内的系统发育分析没有将其归入任何现存的虎皮动物家族。相反，Psamster davidsoni gen.nov.表现出蛇颈虫衍生特征的混合，并被分解为一个大型类群的姐妹分支，包括Asteridae、Sticureridae和Heliateridae。将该物种从蛇夫虫科中移除意味着它们最古老的化石代表性可以追溯到上白垩纪的桑托尼阶。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Fossil Record PALEONTOLOGY-

CiteScore

3.60

自引率

7.10%

发文量

审稿时长

14 weeks

期刊介绍： Fossil Record (FR) is the palaeontological journal of the Museum für Naturkunde Berlin. This journal was founded in 1998 under the name Mitteilungen aus dem Museum für Naturkunde Berlin, Geowissenschaftliche Reihe and appears with two issues each year. Fossil Record publishes original papers in all areas of palaeontology including the taxonomy and systematics of fossil organisms, biostratigraphy, palaeoecology, and evolution. All taxonomic groups are treated, including invertebrates, microfossils, plants, and vertebrates.