Effectiveness of a multifaceted intervention for the improvement of nutritional status and nutrition knowledge of children in poverty-stricken areas in Shaanxi Province, China

Cai Zhao , Lu Ma , Liwang Gao , Yan Wu , Yating Yan , Wen Peng , Youfa Wang
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引用次数: 1

Abstract

Objectives

Compare the differences between the intervention and control groups in changes of primary outcomes (body mass index [BMI] and waist-to-height ratio [WHtR]) and secondary outcomes (nutrition knowledge of children and parents), from baseline to the 6- and 12-month follow-ups; examine the associations of changes in nutrition knowledge of children and their parents with children's changes in BMI and WHtR.

Data sources

Data collected from four schools in two poverty-stricken counties in northern Shaanxi Province in 2020‒2021.

Methods

A multifaced intervention program targeted children (promoting healthy diet and nutrition education) and their parents (promoting nutrition knowledge) was conducted in the interventional group. Four schools, with two in each group, were randomly allocated to the intervention or control group, with 814 eligible children aged 7.1 to 12.8 years. The control group conducted myopia promotion. Differences in changes of BMI and WHtR between groups were compared with t-test. Mixed-effects model was used to examine the associations between changes in nutrition knowledge of children and parents with changes in children's BMI and WHtR.

Results

At the 6-month follow-up, the difference in changes in BMI between the intervention and control groups was 0.4 kg/m 2 (P < 0.001). At the 12-month follow-up, the difference in changes in BMI and WHtR between intervention and control groups was 0.1 kg/m2 (P < 0.001) and 0.01 kg/m2 (P < 0.001). In the intervention group, the nutrition knowledge awareness rate of children increased from 16.9% (69/409) at baseline to 21.3% (87/409) at 6-month, and 22.7% (93/409) at 12-month. The awareness rate of nutrition knowledge of parents also fluctuated, from 5.6% (23/409) to 6.6% (27/409) and 5.4% (22/409). However, the difference in changes in nutrition knowledge between intervention and control groups was non-significant. The 6-month follow-up changes in children's nutrition knowledge scores were negatively associated with changes in BMI in girls (β = −0.26, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.38 to −0.14, P < 0.001), while positively associated with changes in WHtR in boys (β = 0.003, 95% CI: −0.0002 to 0.005, P = 0.035). The 12-month follow-up changes in children's nutrition knowledge scores were positively associated with changes in children's WHtR (β = 0.003, 95% CI: 0.0004 to 0.01, P = 0.018).

Conclusions

The intervention strategies did not reduce the BMI and WHtR of children, and the nutrition knowledge of children and parents increased after the intervention in intervention group. Changes in nutrition knowledge of children and their parents are associated with changes in children's BMI or WHtR. Interventions with a new focus on obesity are needed to help improve children's nutritional status in poverty-stricken areas in Shaanxi Province of China.

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多方面干预对改善陕西贫困地区儿童营养状况和营养知识的有效性
目的比较干预组与对照组从基线到6个月和12个月随访期间主要结局指标(体重指数[BMI]和腰高比[WHtR])和次要结局指标(儿童和家长的营养知识)变化的差异;研究儿童及其父母营养知识的变化与儿童BMI和WHtR的变化之间的关系。数据来源数据收集自2020-2021年陕北两个贫困县的四所学校。方法对干预组儿童(促进健康饮食和营养教育)和家长(促进营养知识)进行多方面的干预。四所学校,每组两所,随机分配到干预组或对照组,有814名年龄在7.1到12.8岁之间的合格儿童。对照组进行近视推广。组间BMI、WHtR变化差异比较采用t检验。采用混合效应模型检验儿童和家长营养知识的变化与儿童BMI和WHtR变化之间的关系。结果随访6个月,干预组与对照组BMI变化差异为0.4 kg/ m2 (P <0.001)。在12个月的随访中,干预组与对照组的BMI和WHtR变化差异为0.1 kg/m2 (P <0.001)和0.01 kg/m2 (P <0.001)。干预组儿童营养知识知知率从基线时的16.9%(69/409)提高到6个月时的21.3%(87/409),12个月时的22.7%(93/409)。家长营养知识知晓率也有波动,分别为5.6%(23/409)~ 6.6%(27/409)和5.4%(22/409)。然而,干预组和对照组之间的营养知识变化差异不显著。随访6个月后,儿童营养知识得分的变化与女孩BMI的变化呈负相关(β = - 0.26, 95%可信区间[CI]: - 0.38 ~ - 0.14, P <0.001),而男孩WHtR的变化正相关(β = 0.003, 95% CI: - 0.0002至0.005,P = 0.035)。随访12个月儿童营养知识得分变化与儿童WHtR变化呈正相关(β = 0.003, 95% CI: 0.0004 ~ 0.01, P = 0.018)。结论干预组儿童的BMI和WHtR没有降低,干预后儿童和家长的营养知识有所提高。儿童及其父母营养知识的变化与儿童BMI或WHtR的变化有关。为了帮助改善中国陕西省贫困地区儿童的营养状况,需要对肥胖问题进行新的关注。
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来源期刊
Global health journal (Amsterdam, Netherlands)
Global health journal (Amsterdam, Netherlands) Public Health and Health Policy
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5.00
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