Epileptic EEG activity detection for children using entropy-based biomarkers

Abstract

Seizures, which last for a while and are a symptom of epilepsy, are bouts of excessive and abnormally synchronized neuronal activity in the patient's brain. For young children, in particular, early diagnosis and treatment are essential to optimize the likelihood of the best possible child-specific result. Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals can be inspected to look for epileptic seizures. However, certain epileptic patients with severe cases show high rates of misdiagnosis or failure to notice the seizures, and they do not demonstrate any improvement in healing as a result of their inability to respond to medical treatment. The purpose of this study was to identify EEG biomarkers that may be used to distinguish between children with epilepsy and otherwise healthy and normal subjects. Savitzky-Golay (SG) filter was used to record and analyze the data from 19 EEG channels. EEG background activity was used to calculate amplitude-aware permutation entropy (AAPE) and enhanced permutation entropy (impe). The hypothesis that the irregularity and complexity in epileptic EEG were decreased in comparison with healthy control participants was tested statistically using the t-test (p < 0,05). As a method of dimensionality reduction, principle component analysis (PCA) was used. The EEG signals of the patients with epileptic seizures were then separated from those of the control individuals using decision tree (DT) and random forest (RF) classifiers. The findings indicate that the EEG of the AAPE and impe was decreased for epileptic patients. A comparison study has been done to see how well the DT and RF classifiers work with the SG filter, AAPE and impe features, and PCA dimensionality reduction technique. When identifying patients with epilepsy and control subjects, PCA with DT and RF produced accuracies of 85% and 80%, respectively, but without the PCA, DT and RF showed accuracies of 75% and 72.5%, respectively. As a result, the EEG may be a trustworthy index for looking at short-term indicators that are sensitive to epileptic identification and classification.