The relative importance of cisco (Coregonus artedi) in the diets of common loons (Gavia immer) among a set of cisco refuge lakes in Minnesota

IF 1 4区 生物学 Q3 ZOOLOGY Canadian Journal of Zoology Pub Date : 2023-06-09 DOI:10.1139/cjz-2022-0189
K. Kenow, Yer Lor, Beth V. Holbrook, Luke J. Fara, Steven C. Houdek, Tariq Tajjioui, B. Gray, P. Jacobson
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Abstract

Common loon ( Gavia immer (Brünnich, 1764)) foraging patterns and the relative importance of cisco ( Coregonus artedi Lesueur, 1818) in the diets of loons were evaluated for the Whitefish Chain of Lakes, a set of coldwater cisco refuge lakes in Minnesota, USA. Environmental DNA metabarcoding of loon fecal samples detected 15 fish species. Yellow perch ( Perca flavescens (Mitchill, 1814)), mimic shiner ( Notropis volucellus (Cope, 1865)), and cisco were the most prominent prey detected across the study lakes. We observed a shift in fish species consumed, with increases in detections of mimic shiner and cisco DNA among loon fecal samples collected in August and September. In some locations, suitable oxythermal habitat became restricted throughout the summer, forcing cisco into surface waters, which potentially increased their vulnerability to loon predation. Conversely, large foraging aggregations of loons were observed during late summer through fall at locations with ample oxythermal habitat and abundant cisco populations. We hypothesize that cisco were sought by loons as a high-calorie prey resource prior to migration. Conservation efforts directed at preserving water quality in important cisco refuge lakes are likely to benefit common loons through enhancement of both the forage base, for resident and migrating birds, and breeding habitat suitability.
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在明尼苏达州的一组cisco避难湖中,cisco(Coregonus artedi)在普通潜鸟(Gavia immer)饮食中的相对重要性
在美国明尼苏达州的一组冷水顺式生物保护湖泊Whitefish Chain of Lakes中,对普通潜鸟(Gavia immer(Brünnich,1764))的觅食模式和顺式生物在潜鸟饮食中的相对重要性(Coregonus artedi Lesueur,1818)进行了评估。潜鸟粪便样本的环境DNA代谢编码检测到15种鱼类。黄鲈鱼(Perca flavescens(Mitchill,1814))、拟石首鱼(Notropis volucellus(Cope,1865))和cisco是研究湖泊中发现的最突出的猎物。我们观察到,在8月和9月采集的潜鸟粪便样本中,鱼类消费量发生了变化,模拟胫和顺式脱氧核糖核酸的检测量增加。在一些地方,合适的湿热栖息地在整个夏天都受到限制,迫使cisco进入地表水域,这可能会增加它们被潜鸟捕食的脆弱性。相反,在夏末至秋季,在有充足的光热栖息地和丰富的顺式种群的地方,观察到了大量的潜鸟觅食群落。我们假设,在迁徙之前,潜鸟会将顺式脂肪酸作为一种高热量的猎物资源来寻找。旨在保护重要的cisco保护区湖泊水质的保护工作可能会通过加强留鸟和候鸟的饲料基地以及繁殖栖息地的适宜性,使普通潜鸟受益。
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来源期刊
Canadian Journal of Zoology
Canadian Journal of Zoology 生物-动物学
CiteScore
2.40
自引率
0.00%
发文量
82
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: Published since 1929, the Canadian Journal of Zoology is a monthly journal that reports on primary research contributed by respected international scientists in the broad field of zoology, including behaviour, biochemistry and physiology, developmental biology, ecology, genetics, morphology and ultrastructure, parasitology and pathology, and systematics and evolution. It also invites experts to submit review articles on topics of current interest.
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