The Price of Isolation: Fascism, Vichy and the Holocaust in French History

IF 0.8 2区 历史学 Q1 HISTORY Contemporary European History Pub Date : 2023-08-30 DOI:10.1017/s0960777323000498
Christoph Farquet
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Abstract

The historiographical debate about France during the Second World War has long been dominated by two foreign historians. On the one hand, the Israeli intellectual Zeev Sternhell notoriously placed the origin of fascism in France's Belle Epoque and saw Vichy France as the paradigmatic example of a fascist regime in his book, Neither Right nor Left, four decades ago. Year after year, Sternhell, who had studied in Paris, made criticisms of the Parisian intellectual milieu and denounced its egocentrism and provincialism. On the other hand, American historian Robert Paxton reigned over the history of French collaboration with Nazi Germany. Although it raised certain controversies when it was translated into French in 1973, his Vichy France has been since accepted as the key reference on the subject, as well as an indispensable pedagogical tool against apologetic views of Marshall Pétain's regime, which enjoy periodic revivals in the country. Despite their age – Sternhell died in 2020 and Paxton is ninety years old – these two historians have remained the unavoidable cornerstones in the discussion on French attitudes during the Second World War – the first as a competitor, the second as a paternal figure.
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孤立的代价:法西斯主义、维希与法国历史上的大屠杀
关于第二次世界大战期间法国的史学争论长期以来一直由两位外国历史学家主导。一方面,以色列知识分子泽夫·斯特恩霍尔(Zeev Sternhell)将法西斯主义的起源放在了法国的美好时代,并在40年前的《既不是右翼也不是左翼》一书中将维希·法国视为法西斯政权的典范。年复一年,曾在巴黎留学的Sternhell对巴黎的知识环境提出了批评,并谴责其自我中心主义和地方主义。另一方面,美国历史学家罗伯特·帕克斯顿统治着法国与纳粹德国合作的历史。尽管它在1973年被翻译成法语时引起了一些争议,但他的《维希法国》自那以后一直被认为是该主题的关键参考文献,也是反对马歇尔·佩坦政权道歉观点的不可或缺的教学工具,这些观点在该国定期复兴。尽管他们年事已高——Sternhell于2020年去世,帕克斯顿90岁了——但这两位历史学家仍然是第二次世界大战期间法国态度讨论中不可避免的基石——第一位是竞争对手,第二位是父亲。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
1.00
自引率
25.00%
发文量
88
期刊介绍: Contemporary European History covers the history of Eastern and Western Europe, including the United Kingdom, from 1918 to the present. By combining a wide geographical compass with a relatively short time span, the journal achieves both range and depth in its coverage. It is open to all forms of historical inquiry - including cultural, economic, international, political and social approaches - and welcomes comparative analysis. One issue per year explores a broad theme under the guidance of a guest editor. The journal regularly features contributions from scholars outside the Anglophone community and acts as a channel of communication between European historians throughout the continent and beyond it.
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