Molluscicidal activities of Tetrapleura tetraptera fruit extract, Aridanin and their particulate formulations on adult and newly hatched Biomphalaria glabrata snails

Abstract

The study investigated the molluscicidal activities of chloroform/methanol (1:1) extract of Tetrapleura tetraptera and isolated Aridanin. It also developed useable particulate formulation of chloroform methanol extract and Aridanin and evaluated their molluscicidal activities. This is with a view to providing information on development of useable particulate formulations for the control of snail intermediate hosts of schistosomiasis. The plant material was extracted successively in n-hexane (100%), chloroform (100%), chloroform/methanol (1:1) and methanol (100%) respectively by maceration. Bioactivity-guided fractionation of chloroform methanol extract was performed using column chromatography to isolate the active compound, Aridanin. Particulate formulations of chloroform methanol extract and Aridanin were prepared by emulsion solvent evaporation method. Molluscicidal screening on adult and newly hatched Biomphalaria glabrata snails was evaluated according to WHO protocols. The blank polymer formulation, dechlorinated water and Niclosamide served as controls. The result showed that Aridanin demonstrated the highest molluscicidal activity on adult B. glabrata snails with 24 h- LC50 of 1.61 ppm. The chloroform methanol extract had an LC50 value of 23.00 ppm, while particulate formulation of Aridanin and chloroform methanol extract had LC50 of 13.40 and 170.60 ppm respectively. This study showed that newly hatched B. glabrata snails are less susceptible to molluscicides compared to adult snails (P