The essence of a helpless state of a person as an important component in the investigation of crimes

O. Kravchuk, V. Atamanchuk, Yurii M. Turovets, S. Volkotrub, Oleksandr Ostapenko
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Abstract

The modern legal framework, despite the definition of a helpless state in the corresponding provisions of criminal, administrative, and civil legislation, does not answer the question of what exactly should be understood by such a state due to the lack of any definitions or interpretations of this concept. This determines the relevance of this study. The purpose of this study is to develop an interpretation of a helpless or other life-threatening condition, with the subsequent possibility of the corresponding improvement of the current legislation of Ukraine. The leading method of research is the method of comparative legal analysis. The study analyses the definitions of the concept of a helpless state of a person available in legal and scientific sources. Based on the results of the study, the author’s position on the essence of the concept of a helpless state is presented. The causes that can act as factors of a helpless state are identified. It is noted that the helpless state of a person, under certain conditions, can transform into a dangerous state of a person, as a result of which there is a threat of violation of citizens’ rights. The authors conclude that a helpless state is not only a physical or mental state in which a person can be located, but also a physiological state (psychophysiological), as its factor, acts as a component of the content of a helpless state. Identification of the scope and content of the rights of citizens in need of external security due to the presence of the relevant citizens, owners of these rights in a helpless or other life-threatening state, another task of solving which requires prior clarification of the essence of the helpless state or related states. Based on the analysis, the authors propose an original definition of the helpless state, as well as determine its features
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作为犯罪调查的重要组成部分的人的无助状态的本质
尽管在刑事、行政和民事立法的相应条款中对无助国家进行了定义,但现代法律框架并没有回答这样一个国家究竟应该理解什么的问题,因为缺乏对这一概念的任何定义或解释。这决定了本研究的相关性。本研究的目的是对无助或其他危及生命的情况进行解释,从而有可能相应改进乌克兰现行立法。主要的研究方法是比较法律分析法。该研究分析了法律和科学来源中对一个人无助状态概念的定义。根据研究结果,作者对无助状态概念的本质提出了自己的立场。找出了造成无助状态的原因。值得注意的是,在某些情况下,一个人的无助状态可以转变为一个人的危险状态,从而有侵犯公民权利的威胁。作者得出结论,无助状态不仅是一个人可以定位的身体或精神状态,而且作为其因素的生理状态(心理生理学)也是无助状态内容的组成部分。确定由于相关公民、这些权利的所有人处于无助或其他危及生命的状态而需要外部安全的公民的权利的范围和内容,这是另一项需要事先澄清无助状态或相关状态本质的解决任务。在分析的基础上,作者提出了无助状态的原始定义,并确定了其特征
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