The Role of Ulama in the Application of Islamic Syariah in Aceh: A Study of Aceh Ulama Council’s Fatwa on Apostasies and Heresies

Mazahib Pub Date : 2018-06-30 DOI:10.21093/mj.v17i1.1022
Abidin Nurdin, M. B. Abubakar, Alchaidar Alchaidar, A. Apridar
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引用次数: 3

Abstract

This article examines the role of ulama in the implementation of Sharia in Aceh by focusing on the study of their fatwa concerning apostasies and heresy. Since the time of the Aceh Sultanate, the role of the ulama has been prominent as the royal judges who applied sharia due to the status Aceh as the region that embraces Sunni Islam as the official schools of jurisprudence and theology. This situation continues in the period of independence and it has legally been further strengthened in the post-Soeharto regime (reformation era) by the special autonomy status granted to Aceh that includes the right to implement sharia in full. Based on the special autonomy, the council of ulama in Aceh, known as Majelis Permusyawaratan Ulama (the Consultative Assembly of Ulama) or MPU) is officially instuted as the government partner and vested with the authority to issue religious edicts (fatwa) and give considerations regarding the problems of governance, development, community development, and Islamic economy to the government. With regards to Islamic theology, the MPU has the authority to determine the orthodoxy of a religious group by issuing fatwa. As studied, there are fourteen fatwa issued by the MPU on sects and religious movements flourished in Aceh which are deemed to be deviating from Islamic orthodoxy; those include Shiah, Millata Abraham, and Gafatar.   From in-depth studies of the fatwa, this article reveals that the influential role of ulama in Aceh in the life of society and government comes from three legitimations, namely; history, legal, and social. This thus has made the society and government feel bound by the MPU fatwa on apostasies and heresies which prompt the Aceh government to ban the groups despite freedom of religion guaranteed by the constitution. This condition is theoretically appealing because, as far as the legal system of Indonesia is a concern, obeying a fatwa is a matter moral compliance instead of legal compliance. Keywords: Aceh, Islamic Sharia, Ulama Council’s Fatwa on Apostasies and Heresies
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乌拉玛在亚齐伊斯兰教法应用中的作用——亚齐乌拉玛理事会关于使徒和异端的法特瓦研究
本文通过研究他们关于叛教和异端的法特瓦,考察了乌拉玛在亚齐实施伊斯兰教法中的作用。自亚齐苏丹国成立以来,乌拉玛作为适用伊斯兰教法的皇家法官的作用一直很突出,因为亚齐是一个信奉逊尼派伊斯兰教的地区,是法学和神学的官方学校。这种情况在独立期间仍在继续,在后苏哈托政权(改革时代),由于给予亚齐特别自治地位,包括全面实施伊斯兰教法的权利,这种情况在法律上得到了进一步加强。根据特别自治权,亚齐的乌拉马理事会,即Majelis Permusyawalatan ulama(乌拉马协商会议)或MPU,被正式指定为政府合作伙伴,有权发布宗教法令(fatwa),并向政府考虑治理、发展、社区发展和伊斯兰经济问题。关于伊斯兰神学,MPU有权通过发布法特瓦来确定宗教团体的正统性。据研究,MPU发布的关于亚齐蓬勃发展的教派和宗教运动的法特瓦有14份,被认为偏离了伊斯兰正统;其中包括什叶派、米拉塔·亚伯拉罕和加法塔。本文通过对法特瓦的深入研究,揭示了乌拉玛在亚齐社会和政府生活中的影响力来自三个合法性:;历史、法律和社会。因此,这使社会和政府感到受到MPU关于叛教和异端的法令的约束,这促使亚齐政府尽管宪法保障宗教自由,但仍禁止这些团体。这一条件在理论上很有吸引力,因为就印度尼西亚的法律体系而言,遵守法特瓦是一个道德遵守而非法律遵守的问题。关键词:亚齐,伊斯兰教法,乌拉马理事会关于使徒和异端的法特瓦
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来源期刊
CiteScore
0.90
自引率
0.00%
发文量
7
审稿时长
4 weeks
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